To protect oneself and one's resources

To gain dominance and status

To increase reproductive success

All of the above

High levels of testosterone

Low levels of serotonin

A history of childhood abuse

A genetic predisposition to violence

Poverty

Exposure to violence

Lack of education

All of the above

Frustration always leads to aggression

Aggression is always caused by frustration

Frustration can lead to aggression, but not always

Aggression is never caused by frustration

A child who is angry at their parents takes it out on their younger sibling

A person who is angry at their boss yells at their spouse

A student who is frustrated with a difficult test kicks their dog

All of the above

A person who attacks someone in order to rob them

A child who hits another child in order to get a toy

A student who bullies another student in order to gain social status

All of the above

A person who attacks someone because they are angry at them

A child who hits another child because they dislike them

A student who bullies another student because they enjoy causing them pain

All of the above

A person who attacks someone in order to protect themselves

A child who hits another child in order to stop them from hitting them

A student who bullies another student in order to prevent them from bullying them

All of the above

A person who attacks someone in order to gain control over them

A child who hits another child in order to get them to do what they want

A student who bullies another student in order to make them afraid of them

All of the above

A person who attacks someone in response to being attacked

A child who hits another child in response to being hit

A student who bullies another student in response to being bullied

All of the above

Higher levels of testosterone

Lower levels of serotonin

A history of childhood abuse

Exposure to violence

Higher levels of estrogen

Lower levels of progesterone

A history of childhood abuse

Exposure to violence

Males are more likely to be exposed to violence

Males have higher levels of testosterone

Males are more likely to be in positions of power

All of the above

The development of agriculture

The rise of civilization

The spread of education

The invention of gunpowder

Empathy helps us to cooperate with others

Empathy helps us to avoid conflict

Empathy helps us to build relationships

All of the above