Articulation is the process of producing speech sounds by moving the articulators (e.g., lips, tongue, velum) to create constrictions or closures in the vocal tract.

The lungs are not directly involved in speech production; they provide the airstream that is used to create sound.

Place of articulation refers to the location in the vocal tract where the articulators come together to produce a particular sound.

/p/ is a bilabial consonant because it is produced by bringing the two lips together.

Voicing refers to the vibration of the vocal cords, which produces a voiced sound.

/b/ is a voiced consonant because it is produced with the vocal cords vibrating.

Nasalization refers to the release of air through the nose, which produces a nasal sound.

/m/ is a nasal consonant because it is produced with air released through the nose.

Lateral release refers to the release of air through the sides of the tongue, which produces a lateral sound.

/l/ is a lateral consonant because it is produced with air released through the sides of the tongue.

Glottalization refers to the release of air through the glottis, which produces a glottalized sound.

/ʔ/ is a glottalized consonant because it is produced with air released through the glottis.

Ejective refers to the release of air with a burst of energy, which produces an ejective sound.

/pʼ/ is an ejective consonant because it is produced with air released with a burst of energy.

Aspiration refers to the release of air with a puff of air, which produces an aspirated sound.

/pʰ/ is an aspirated consonant because it is produced with air released with a puff of air.