C. V. Raman is widely regarded as the father of modern Indian physics for his groundbreaking work on the scattering of light, known as the Raman effect, for which he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1930.

S. N. Bose is renowned for his work on quantum statistics, particularly the Bose-Einstein statistics, which describes the behavior of bosons, a class of subatomic particles that exhibit identical properties.

The Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR) is a renowned research institute in Mumbai, India, dedicated to advancing fundamental research in nuclear physics, particle physics, astrophysics, and other areas of physics.

M. N. Saha is famous for his Saha ionization equation, which provides a theoretical framework for understanding the ionization of atoms and molecules in stellar atmospheres and other high-temperature environments.

Govind Swarup is renowned for his work in cosmic ray physics and his significant role in the development and construction of the Giant Meterwave Radio Telescope (GMRT), a major radio astronomy facility in India.

The University of Calcutta, founded by Sir Ashutosh Mukherjee, is a renowned institution of higher education and research in Kolkata, India, with a strong focus on science education and research.

Homi J. Bhabha is recognized for his work in cosmic ray physics and his instrumental role in establishing the Kolar Gold Fields Cosmic Ray Research Station, a significant facility for studying cosmic rays.

Vikram Sarabhai is widely regarded as the father of India's space program and is known for his contributions to the establishment and development of the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO).

The Indian Institute of Science (IISc) in Bengaluru, India, is a renowned research institute dedicated to fundamental research in physics, mathematics, and other scientific disciplines.

Raja Ramanna is recognized for his contributions to nuclear physics and his role in the development of the Variable Energy Cyclotron (VEC) facility, a significant particle accelerator for nuclear research.

Roger Penrose, an Indian-born British physicist, is renowned for his contributions to general relativity, including his work on black holes and the Penrose-Hawking singularity theorems.

The Institute of Mathematical Sciences (IMSc) in Chennai, India, is a renowned research institute dedicated to advanced research in physics, mathematics, and other scientific disciplines.

Nima Arkani-Hamed, an Iranian-born American physicist, is recognized for his contributions to high-energy physics, including his work on the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN.

Ashoke Sen is renowned for his contributions to string theory and his work on the AdS/CFT correspondence, a significant duality in theoretical physics.

The University of Hyderabad in Hyderabad, India, is a renowned research institute dedicated to advanced research in physics, mathematics, and other scientific disciplines.