The International Astronomical Union (IAU) is the international organization that facilitates collaboration among astronomers from different countries for large-scale astronomical projects.

The primary goal of international collaboration in Indian astronomy is to promote scientific research and discovery, enabling astronomers to tackle complex astronomical questions and make significant contributions to the field.

The Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT) is located in India and serves as a hub for collaboration among astronomers from around the world, facilitating cutting-edge research in radio astronomy.

The Mangalyaan Mission was a joint collaboration between India and the United States, aimed at studying the Martian atmosphere and marking India's entry into interplanetary exploration.

International collaboration in Indian astronomy plays a crucial role in capacity building by enabling the exchange of knowledge and expertise, providing access to advanced research facilities, and fostering scientific diplomacy.

The Gemini Observatory is a result of collaboration between India, the United States, and the United Kingdom, and is located in Hawaii, enabling astronomers to study a wide range of astronomical phenomena.

International collaboration in Indian astronomy contributes to technological advancements by facilitating the development of cutting-edge instruments and technologies, promoting innovation and creativity, and enhancing the efficiency of research.

The Planck Mission is an international astronomical project that aims to study the cosmic microwave background radiation, providing valuable insights into the early universe and the evolution of cosmic structures.

International collaboration in Indian astronomy fosters cultural exchange by bringing together astronomers from diverse backgrounds and cultures, promoting cross-cultural understanding and appreciation, and enriching the scientific community with a variety of perspectives.

The Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) is an international astronomical facility located in Chile, involving collaboration between several countries, including India, and is dedicated to studying the southern sky at millimeter and submillimeter wavelengths.

International collaboration in Indian astronomy faces challenges such as language barriers, cultural differences, differences in research priorities, and the need for effective communication and coordination among diverse teams.

International collaboration in Indian astronomy contributes to economic benefits by attracting investment in research and development, creating job opportunities, and promoting technological innovation, leading to overall economic growth and development.

The Supernova Legacy Survey (SNLS), Dark Energy Survey (DES), and Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS) are all international astronomical projects that aim to study dark energy and dark matter by observing distant supernovae and other cosmic phenomena.

International collaboration in Indian astronomy promotes scientific diplomacy by fostering cooperation and understanding among nations, building bridges between different cultures, and promoting peace and stability through shared scientific endeavors.

The future prospects for international collaboration in Indian astronomy include increased collaboration with emerging economies, expansion of existing partnerships, and the development of new international initiatives, leading to even greater scientific discoveries and advancements.