Globalization is often associated with increased economic inequality, as it can lead to a concentration of wealth in the hands of a few individuals or corporations.

Economic integration refers to the process of a country becoming more closely linked to the economies of other countries through trade, investment, and other forms of economic interaction.

Globalization can lead to increased environmental degradation, as it can result in increased production and consumption, which can put a strain on the environment.

Import substitution is a policy aimed at reducing a country's dependence on imports by encouraging the domestic production of goods that were previously imported.

Globalization is often associated with increased economic growth, as it can lead to increased trade and investment.

Specialization refers to the process of a country focusing on the production of certain goods and services in which it has a comparative advantage.

Economic nationalism is a policy aimed at protecting domestic industries and businesses from foreign competition.

Trade liberalization refers to the process of reducing or eliminating trade barriers, such as tariffs and quotas.

Subsidies are government payments to businesses or individuals, and are not considered to be a type of trade barrier.

Industrialization refers to the process of a country transitioning from an agricultural economy to a manufacturing economy.

Income inequality is not necessarily a characteristic of an industrialized country.

Urbanization refers to the process of a country's population becoming more concentrated in urban areas.

Urbanization can lead to increased economic growth, as it can bring together a large number of people and resources in a small area.

Economic development refers to the process of a country improving its economic and social well-being.

Infant mortality rate is not a measure of economic development, but rather a measure of health and well-being.