Medical research aims to investigate the underlying mechanisms and causes of diseases, leading to a better understanding of their pathogenesis and potential interventions.

A cohort study follows a group of individuals over time to examine the relationship between exposure to a factor and the development of a disease or outcome.

An RCT is designed to determine the efficacy and safety of a new treatment by randomly assigning participants to receive either the new treatment or a standard treatment or placebo.

The principle of autonomy emphasizes the right of individuals to make informed decisions about their participation in research studies, including the right to withdraw at any time.

Basic research aims to expand our knowledge of the fundamental biological and physiological processes underlying health and disease, providing a foundation for the development of new treatments and interventions.

GWAS is a large-scale study that examines the entire genome to identify genetic variations that are associated with specific diseases or traits.

Translational research aims to bridge the gap between basic research and clinical practice by translating scientific discoveries into new treatments, interventions, and diagnostic tools that can benefit patients.

Observational studies are used to investigate the relationship between exposure to a factor and the development of a disease or outcome, without actively intervening or manipulating the variables.

Meta-analysis is a statistical technique that combines the results of multiple studies to increase the overall sample size and precision of the findings.

The principle of non-maleficence emphasizes the obligation of researchers to do no harm to participants in a research study and to take steps to minimize potential risks.

Clinical research aims to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of new treatments, interventions, and diagnostic tools in humans, providing evidence for their use in clinical practice.

Observational studies are used to investigate the relationship between exposure to a factor and the development of a disease or outcome, without actively intervening or manipulating the variables.

Public health research aims to understand the social, behavioral, and environmental factors that influence the health of populations and to develop strategies for promoting health and preventing disease.

The principle of beneficence emphasizes the obligation of researchers to maximize the benefits and minimize the harms of a research study to participants.

Animal research is used to study the fundamental mechanisms of life and disease, to develop new treatments, and to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of new drugs and interventions before they are tested in humans.