Lack of education is widely recognized as the primary cause of poverty in developing countries. It limits individuals' access to job opportunities, perpetuates income inequality, and hinders social mobility.

Higher educational attainment is not a consequence of poverty. In fact, poverty often leads to lower educational attainment due to limited access to quality education, financial constraints, and the need to work to support the family.

Intergenerational poverty refers to the phenomenon where poverty is passed down from parents to children, creating a cycle of disadvantage that can persist for generations.

Direct discrimination involves treating individuals differently based on their personal characteristics, such as race, gender, or religion, in a way that results in unequal opportunities or outcomes.

Institutional discrimination refers to discrimination that is embedded in the structures and institutions of society, such as laws, policies, and practices, and which results in unequal opportunities and outcomes for certain groups.

Redlining is an example of institutional discrimination because it is a practice that is embedded in the housing system and results in unequal access to housing for certain racial groups.

Intersectionality is a term used to describe the ways in which different forms of discrimination, such as racism, sexism, and classism, overlap and interact to create unique experiences of oppression and disadvantage.

Intersectionality recognizes that individuals can experience multiple forms of discrimination simultaneously, and that these forms of discrimination interact to create unique experiences of oppression and disadvantage.

Affirmative action policies are designed to promote diversity and inclusion in education and employment by providing opportunities and support to historically disadvantaged groups, such as racial and ethnic minorities, women, and individuals with disabilities.

Affirmative action policies are designed to promote diversity and inclusion, not undermine them.

Poverty reduction is the process of reducing poverty and improving the well-being of individuals and communities. It involves a range of strategies, including economic growth, social protection, education, and healthcare.

Reducing government spending is not a key element of a comprehensive poverty reduction strategy. In fact, it can often exacerbate poverty by reducing access to essential services and support.

Community empowerment is the process of empowering individuals and communities to take control of their own development and improve their well-being. It involves creating opportunities for participation, building capacity, and promoting self-reliance.

A community-led project to build a new school or clinic is an example of a community empowerment initiative because it involves the community taking control of their own development and working together to improve their well-being.

Social justice is the process of reducing inequality and creating a more just and equitable society. It involves addressing the root causes of poverty and discrimination, promoting human rights, and ensuring that everyone has the opportunity to reach their full potential.