Biochemical engineering is a field of engineering that combines principles from biology, chemistry, and engineering to design and optimize processes for the production of chemicals and fuels from biological sources.

Fermentation is a biochemical engineering process that uses microorganisms to convert sugars into ethanol, lactic acid, or other products.

Enzymes are proteins that catalyze biochemical reactions, increasing their rate and efficiency.

Stirred-tank reactors are commonly used in biochemical engineering for batch and continuous processes.

Downstream processing involves the separation and purification of the desired product from the fermentation broth.

Chromatography is a common separation technique used in biochemical engineering to separate and purify biomolecules.

Scale-up involves increasing the production capacity of a biochemical process from laboratory scale to commercial scale.

Contamination of the fermentation broth, low yields of the desired product, and high production costs are all common challenges in biochemical engineering.

Metabolic engineering involves modifying the metabolism of microorganisms to improve the production of desired products.

Biochemical engineering is used in the production of biofuels, pharmaceuticals, food additives, and a wide range of other products.

Bioinformatics is used in biochemical engineering to analyze and interpret biological data, design and optimize biochemical processes, and develop new biocatalysts.

Enzymes, whole cells, and immobilized cells are all common biocatalysts used in biochemical engineering.

Process control is used in biochemical engineering to maintain the desired conditions for a biochemical process, optimize the production of the desired product, and prevent contamination of the fermentation broth.

Ethanol, penicillin, and aspartame are all common products of biochemical engineering.

The future of biochemical engineering lies in the development of new and more efficient biocatalysts, the design of new bioprocesses for the production of sustainable products, and the use of bioinformatics to optimize biochemical processes.