The Rigveda, one of the four Vedas, is an ancient Indian text that contains hymns, prayers, and philosophical insights. It is also significant for its mathematical and linguistic content, including references to geometric patterns and the use of language for expressing mathematical concepts.

Aryabhata, a renowned Indian mathematician and astronomer, is credited with developing the concept of zero and incorporating it into the Indian number system. His work laid the foundation for the decimal system and revolutionized mathematical calculations.

Sanskrit, an ancient Indian language, is renowned for its rich mathematical vocabulary. Many mathematical terms and concepts, such as 'Shunya' (zero), 'Anka' (digit), and 'Gana' (mathematics), originated in Sanskrit and were later adopted by other languages.

The Fibonacci sequence, a series of numbers where each number is the sum of the two preceding ones, has been found in various fields of Indian mathematics. It was utilized in architectural designs, music and rhythm, and astronomy and astrology, demonstrating its versatility and significance.

Panini, a renowned Indian grammarian and linguist, made significant contributions to both mathematics and linguistics. His work on Sanskrit grammar, known as the 'Ashtadhyayi,' is considered a masterpiece of linguistic analysis and has influenced the development of mathematical logic.

Lilavati, written by Bhaskara II, is a renowned Indian mathematical treatise that focuses on arithmetic, algebra, and geometry. It includes solutions to various algebraic problems, demonstrating Bhaskara II's expertise in mathematical analysis and problem-solving.

Brahmagupta, a prominent Indian mathematician, is credited with developing the concept of negative numbers and formulating rules for their operations. His work on negative numbers laid the groundwork for the development of modern algebra.

Brahmasphuta Siddhanta, written by Brahmagupta, is a significant Indian mathematical text that delves into the concept of infinity. It explores the idea of 'ananta' (infinite) and discusses mathematical operations involving infinite quantities.

Bhaskara II, a renowned Indian mathematician, made significant contributions to combinatorics and permutations. His work on combinations and permutations, including the famous 'Pascal's triangle,' demonstrated his expertise in advanced mathematical concepts.

Surya Siddhanta, an ancient Indian astronomical text, contains a detailed exposition of trigonometry. It presents trigonometric functions, formulas, and applications, demonstrating the advanced mathematical knowledge of ancient Indian scholars.

Srinivasa Ramanujan, a brilliant Indian mathematician, made significant contributions to calculus, number theory, and other areas of mathematics. His work on infinite series, continued fractions, and modular forms demonstrated his exceptional mathematical abilities.

Brahmasphuta Siddhanta, written by Brahmagupta, contains a discussion on the concept of mathematical induction. It presents a method for proving mathematical statements by assuming their truth for a particular case and then extending the proof to all subsequent cases.

Brahmagupta, in his work 'Brahmasphuta Siddhanta,' introduced the concept of the 'zero matrix,' a square matrix with all elements equal to zero. This concept laid the foundation for the development of linear algebra and matrix theory.

Brahmasphuta Siddhanta, written by Brahmagupta, includes a systematic treatment of quadratic equations. It provides methods for solving quadratic equations, including the famous 'Bhaskara's method,' which is still used today.

Bhaskara II, in his treatise 'Lilavati,' devoted a significant portion to Diophantine equations, which are polynomial equations with integer coefficients and integer solutions. He developed methods for solving various types of Diophantine equations, demonstrating his expertise in number theory.