Accountability in international relations serves multiple purposes, including ensuring compliance with international law, promoting cooperation and trust, and preventing conflict and war.

Sovereignty is not a key element of accountability in international relations, as it refers to the right of states to govern themselves without external interference.

Political accountability is the most common form of accountability in international relations, as it involves holding governments and leaders responsible for their actions through democratic processes.

The International Criminal Court (ICC) is an example of legal accountability in international relations, as it has the authority to prosecute individuals for war crimes, crimes against humanity, and genocide.

Elections, referendums, and public protests are all examples of political accountability in international relations, as they allow citizens to hold their governments and leaders accountable for their actions.

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the Geneva Conventions, and the Responsibility to Protect (R2P) are all examples of moral accountability in international relations, as they establish norms and principles that states are expected to uphold.

Trade sanctions, asset freezes, and travel bans are all examples of economic accountability in international relations, as they can be used to punish states for violating international law or norms.

The lack of a global government, the principle of state sovereignty, and the difficulty of enforcing international law are all major challenges to accountability in international relations.

Strengthening international institutions, promoting transparency and information sharing, and developing more effective enforcement mechanisms are all ways to strengthen accountability in international relations.

Accountability in international relations is important because it helps to prevent conflict and war, promotes cooperation and trust among states, and ensures that states comply with international law and agreements.

Non-state actors can play a significant role in promoting accountability in international relations by raising awareness of human rights abuses and other violations of international law, providing evidence of violations, and lobbying governments and international organizations to take action against states that violate international law.

The lack of a global government, the principle of state sovereignty, and the difficulty of enforcing international law are all limitations of accountability in international relations.

The lack of political will, the lack of resources, and the lack of cooperation among states are all challenges to implementing accountability in international relations.

Building political will, providing resources, and promoting cooperation among states are all ways to overcome the challenges to implementing accountability in international relations.