The primary goal of economic policy is to promote social welfare, which includes improving the well-being of all members of society.

Economic justice is the idea that all members of society should have equal access to economic resources and opportunities.

Positive economics is based on facts and data, while normative economics is based on values and opinions. Positive economics is concerned with what is, while normative economics is concerned with what should be. Positive economics is used to make predictions, while normative economics is used to make policy recommendations.

Ethics plays an important role in economic policymaking because it helps to ensure that economic policies are fair and just, promote economic efficiency, protect the environment, and promote social welfare.

Some of the ethical issues that arise in economic policymaking include the distribution of income and wealth, the impact of economic policies on the environment, the rights of workers, and the role of government in the economy.

Economic policies can be made more ethical by considering the impact of policies on all members of society, promoting transparency and accountability in economic decision-making, and involving the public in the economic policymaking process.

Economic efficiency is concerned with maximizing the total output of an economy, minimizing the cost of producing goods and services, and the allocation of resources. Economic justice is concerned with distributing that output fairly, ensuring that everyone has access to those goods and services, and the distribution of income.

Some of the challenges to achieving economic justice include the existence of poverty and inequality, the power of special interests, and the complexity of the global economy.

The role of government in promoting economic justice includes providing a social safety net for the poor and vulnerable, regulating the economy to prevent monopolies and other forms of market failure, and investing in public education and infrastructure.

Some of the ethical issues that arise in international economic policy include the impact of trade policies on developing countries, the role of international financial institutions, and the regulation of multinational corporations.

International economic policy can be made more ethical by promoting fair trade, reforming international financial institutions, and regulating multinational corporations.

The role of ethics in economic development includes ensuring that economic development is sustainable, promoting social justice, and protecting the environment.

Some of the ethical challenges to economic development include the need to balance economic growth with environmental protection, the problem of poverty and inequality, and the impact of economic development on indigenous peoples.

Economic development can be made more ethical by promoting sustainable development, addressing the problem of poverty and inequality, and respecting the rights of indigenous peoples.