Crop harvesting is the process of removing crops from the field after they have matured. This is done to prevent spoilage and to facilitate further processing.

Crop processing involves various methods to transform crops into usable products. Drying removes moisture, milling breaks down crops into smaller particles, and fermentation converts sugars into acids or alcohol.

Crop storage aims to maintain crop quality, prevent spoilage, and regulate supply by controlling environmental conditions and using appropriate storage techniques.

Pasteurization involves heating a liquid food product to a specific temperature for a certain duration to kill harmful microorganisms. This process relies on the principle of heat transfer.

Enzymes play a crucial role in food processing by enhancing flavor and texture, accelerating chemical reactions, and improving nutritional value through various enzymatic reactions.

Canning, freezing, and pickling are widely used food preservation techniques that involve processing and treating food products to extend their shelf life and maintain quality.

A food extruder is a machine used in food processing to shape and form food products by forcing a mixture of ingredients through a die under high pressure.

Plastic, metal, and glass are widely used food packaging materials due to their ability to protect food products from external factors, maintain quality, and extend shelf life.

Quality control in food processing aims to ensure food safety, maintain product consistency, comply with regulatory standards, and meet consumer expectations.

The design of food processing equipment involves the application of various food engineering principles, including fluid flow, heat transfer, and mass transfer, to ensure efficient and effective processing operations.

Food sterilization aims to eliminate microorganisms, prevent food spoilage, and extend shelf life by applying various methods such as heat treatment, radiation, or chemical preservation.

Preservatives, antioxidants, and coloring agents are commonly used food additives that serve various purposes, such as extending shelf life, preventing spoilage, and enhancing the appearance of food products.

Microorganisms play a crucial role in food fermentation by converting sugars into acids or alcohol, producing enzymes that enhance flavor and texture, and contributing to the development of characteristic aromas and flavors.

The design of food processing plants involves the application of various food engineering principles, including process flow analysis, material handling, and energy efficiency, to optimize plant layout, equipment selection, and overall efficiency.

Food packaging serves multiple purposes, including protecting food products from external factors, maintaining food quality and freshness, and providing information to consumers about the product and its ingredients.