Ethical and Legal Issues in Psychological Assessment

Description: This quiz covers ethical and legal issues related to psychological assessment, including informed consent, confidentiality, and the use of psychological tests.
Number of Questions: 15
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Tags: psychological assessment ethics law informed consent confidentiality psychological tests
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Which of the following is NOT a fundamental ethical principle in psychological assessment?

  1. Respect for the dignity and worth of the individual

  2. Beneficence

  3. Nonmaleficence

  4. Justice


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Justice is not a fundamental ethical principle in psychological assessment. The fundamental ethical principles are respect for the dignity and worth of the individual, beneficence, and nonmaleficence.

What is the purpose of informed consent in psychological assessment?

  1. To ensure that the client understands the purpose and procedures of the assessment

  2. To protect the client's privacy

  3. To ensure that the client is competent to make decisions about their own care

  4. All of the above


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Informed consent serves all of the purposes listed: to ensure that the client understands the purpose and procedures of the assessment, to protect the client's privacy, and to ensure that the client is competent to make decisions about their own care.

What are the three main types of confidentiality in psychological assessment?

  1. Absolute confidentiality, limited confidentiality, and selective confidentiality

  2. Absolute confidentiality, implied confidentiality, and explicit confidentiality

  3. Absolute confidentiality, privileged confidentiality, and waived confidentiality

  4. Absolute confidentiality, statutory confidentiality, and common law confidentiality


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The three main types of confidentiality in psychological assessment are absolute confidentiality, limited confidentiality, and selective confidentiality.

Which of the following is NOT a legal requirement for psychological assessment?

  1. Obtaining informed consent

  2. Maintaining confidentiality

  3. Using only standardized and reliable tests

  4. Interpreting test results accurately


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Using only standardized and reliable tests is not a legal requirement for psychological assessment. However, it is considered good practice to use tests that have been standardized and shown to be reliable.

What is the difference between a standardized test and a non-standardized test?

  1. Standardized tests are developed and administered according to a specific set of procedures, while non-standardized tests are not.

  2. Standardized tests are designed to measure specific psychological constructs, while non-standardized tests are not.

  3. Standardized tests are normed on a large sample of people, while non-standardized tests are not.

  4. All of the above


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Standardized tests are developed and administered according to a specific set of procedures, they are designed to measure specific psychological constructs, and they are normed on a large sample of people. Non-standardized tests do not meet these criteria.

What is the purpose of a psychological test manual?

  1. To provide information about the test's purpose, administration, scoring, and interpretation

  2. To provide information about the test's reliability and validity

  3. To provide information about the test's norms

  4. All of the above


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

A psychological test manual provides information about the test's purpose, administration, scoring, interpretation, reliability, validity, and norms.

What is the difference between reliability and validity in psychological assessment?

  1. Reliability refers to the consistency of a test, while validity refers to the accuracy of a test.

  2. Reliability refers to the degree to which a test measures what it is supposed to measure, while validity refers to the consistency of a test.

  3. Reliability refers to the degree to which a test is free from error, while validity refers to the degree to which a test is relevant to the purpose for which it is being used.

  4. None of the above


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Reliability refers to the consistency of a test, while validity refers to the accuracy of a test. A test is reliable if it produces consistent results when it is administered to the same people on different occasions. A test is valid if it measures what it is supposed to measure.

What are the three main types of validity in psychological assessment?

  1. Content validity, construct validity, and criterion validity

  2. Face validity, content validity, and construct validity

  3. Face validity, construct validity, and predictive validity

  4. Face validity, content validity, and criterion validity


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The three main types of validity in psychological assessment are content validity, construct validity, and criterion validity.

What is the difference between a norm-referenced test and a criterion-referenced test?

  1. Norm-referenced tests compare an individual's performance to the performance of others, while criterion-referenced tests compare an individual's performance to a specific criterion.

  2. Norm-referenced tests are designed to measure specific psychological constructs, while criterion-referenced tests are not.

  3. Norm-referenced tests are standardized, while criterion-referenced tests are not.

  4. None of the above


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Norm-referenced tests compare an individual's performance to the performance of others, while criterion-referenced tests compare an individual's performance to a specific criterion. Norm-referenced tests are designed to measure specific psychological constructs, and they are standardized. Criterion-referenced tests are not necessarily designed to measure specific psychological constructs, and they are not necessarily standardized.

What are the three main types of psychological assessment reports?

  1. Narrative reports, interpretive reports, and feedback reports

  2. Narrative reports, quantitative reports, and qualitative reports

  3. Narrative reports, clinical reports, and research reports

  4. Narrative reports, standardized reports, and custom reports


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The three main types of psychological assessment reports are narrative reports, interpretive reports, and feedback reports.

What is the purpose of a narrative report in psychological assessment?

  1. To provide a detailed account of the client's history, symptoms, and test results

  2. To provide an interpretation of the client's test results

  3. To provide recommendations for treatment

  4. All of the above


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

A narrative report in psychological assessment provides a detailed account of the client's history, symptoms, and test results. It also provides an interpretation of the client's test results and recommendations for treatment.

What is the purpose of an interpretive report in psychological assessment?

  1. To provide a detailed account of the client's history, symptoms, and test results

  2. To provide an interpretation of the client's test results

  3. To provide recommendations for treatment

  4. All of the above


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

An interpretive report in psychological assessment provides an interpretation of the client's test results. It may also include a discussion of the client's history and symptoms, but its primary purpose is to interpret the test results.

What is the purpose of a feedback report in psychological assessment?

  1. To provide a detailed account of the client's history, symptoms, and test results

  2. To provide an interpretation of the client's test results

  3. To provide recommendations for treatment

  4. All of the above


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

A feedback report in psychological assessment provides recommendations for treatment. It may also include a discussion of the client's history, symptoms, and test results, but its primary purpose is to provide recommendations for treatment.

What are the three main ethical principles that guide the use of psychological tests?

  1. Beneficence, nonmaleficence, and justice

  2. Respect for autonomy, beneficence, and nonmaleficence

  3. Confidentiality, privacy, and informed consent

  4. Validity, reliability, and fairness


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

The three main ethical principles that guide the use of psychological tests are respect for autonomy, beneficence, and nonmaleficence.

What is the difference between beneficence and nonmaleficence?

  1. Beneficence refers to the duty to do good, while nonmaleficence refers to the duty to avoid harm.

  2. Beneficence refers to the duty to avoid harm, while nonmaleficence refers to the duty to do good.

  3. Beneficence refers to the duty to respect the client's autonomy, while nonmaleficence refers to the duty to avoid harm.

  4. None of the above


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Beneficence refers to the duty to do good, while nonmaleficence refers to the duty to avoid harm. Beneficence requires psychologists to take positive steps to benefit their clients, while nonmaleficence requires them to avoid doing anything that could harm their clients.

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