To measure a student's academic progress and achievement in a specific subject area.

To evaluate a student's overall intelligence and cognitive abilities.

To predict a student's future academic success.

To identify students with learning disabilities or special needs.

Standardized achievement test

Criterion-referenced achievement test

Diagnostic achievement test

Performance assessment

Standardized achievement tests are based on national norms, while criterion-referenced achievement tests are based on specific learning objectives.

Standardized achievement tests are used for placement and tracking purposes, while criterion-referenced achievement tests are used for diagnostic purposes.

Standardized achievement tests are more reliable and valid than criterion-referenced achievement tests.

Standardized achievement tests are more expensive to administer than criterion-referenced achievement tests.

They can help teachers identify students who are struggling and need additional support.

They can help parents track their child's academic progress.

They can help schools identify areas where they need to improve their curriculum.

All of the above.

Achievement tests can be biased against certain groups of students.

Achievement tests can be too narrow and not measure all of the important skills and knowledge that students need.

Achievement tests can be stressful for students.

All of the above.