Autoimmunity

Description: This quiz covers the topic of Autoimmunity, a condition in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys healthy body tissue.
Number of Questions: 15
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Tags: immunology autoimmunity immune system
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What is the primary function of the immune system?

  1. To protect the body from foreign invaders

  2. To regulate body temperature

  3. To produce energy

  4. To transport oxygen and nutrients


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The immune system's primary role is to defend the body against harmful substances, including bacteria, viruses, and toxins.

What is the term for the mistaken attack of the immune system on healthy body tissue?

  1. Autoimmunity

  2. Allergy

  3. Infection

  4. Inflammation


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Autoimmunity occurs when the immune system mistakenly recognizes and attacks its own body's tissues, leading to tissue damage and dysfunction.

Which type of immune cell is primarily responsible for recognizing and attacking foreign invaders?

  1. T cells

  2. B cells

  3. Natural killer cells

  4. Macrophages


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

T cells, particularly cytotoxic T cells, play a crucial role in recognizing and eliminating infected or cancerous cells, as well as foreign invaders.

What is the role of B cells in the immune response?

  1. Producing antibodies

  2. Engulfing foreign particles

  3. Releasing inflammatory chemicals

  4. Activating T cells


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

B cells are responsible for producing antibodies, which are proteins that recognize and bind to specific antigens, marking them for destruction.

Which molecule is primarily responsible for coordinating the immune response?

  1. Cytokines

  2. Antibodies

  3. Histamines

  4. Complement proteins


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Cytokines are small proteins that act as messengers between immune cells, coordinating their actions and regulating the immune response.

What is the term for the loss of tolerance to self-antigens, leading to an autoimmune response?

  1. Immune dysregulation

  2. Autoimmune sensitization

  3. Immune deficiency

  4. Immune tolerance breakdown


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Immune tolerance breakdown occurs when the immune system fails to distinguish between self and non-self, leading to the recognition of self-antigens as foreign and the initiation of an autoimmune response.

Which autoimmune disease primarily affects the joints, causing inflammation and pain?

  1. Rheumatoid arthritis

  2. Lupus

  3. Multiple sclerosis

  4. Type 1 diabetes


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease that causes chronic inflammation and damage to the joints, leading to pain, stiffness, and deformity.

What is the primary target of the immune system in lupus?

  1. Connective tissue

  2. Nerve cells

  3. Pancreatic beta cells

  4. Red blood cells


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Lupus is an autoimmune disease that primarily affects connective tissue, leading to inflammation and damage to various organs and tissues throughout the body.

Which autoimmune disease affects the central nervous system, causing neurological symptoms such as numbness, weakness, and vision problems?

  1. Multiple sclerosis

  2. Guillain-Barré syndrome

  3. Myasthenia gravis

  4. Addison's disease


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease that affects the central nervous system, causing inflammation and damage to the myelin sheath surrounding nerve cells, leading to a variety of neurological symptoms.

What is the primary target of the immune system in type 1 diabetes?

  1. Pancreatic beta cells

  2. Insulin receptors

  3. Glucose transporters

  4. Liver cells


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys pancreatic beta cells, leading to a deficiency of insulin and an inability to regulate blood sugar levels.

Which autoimmune disease affects the thyroid gland, leading to abnormal thyroid hormone production?

  1. Graves' disease

  2. Hashimoto's thyroiditis

  3. Sjögren's syndrome

  4. Celiac disease


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Graves' disease is an autoimmune disease that causes an overactive thyroid gland, leading to increased thyroid hormone production and symptoms such as weight loss, anxiety, and heart palpitations.

What is the primary target of the immune system in celiac disease?

  1. Gluten proteins

  2. Lactose sugar

  3. Fructose sugar

  4. Starch molecules


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Celiac disease is an autoimmune disease triggered by gluten proteins found in wheat, barley, and rye. The immune system mistakenly attacks the lining of the small intestine when gluten is consumed, leading to inflammation and damage.

Which autoimmune disease affects the adrenal glands, leading to hormonal imbalances?

  1. Addison's disease

  2. Cushing's syndrome

  3. Polymyositis

  4. Ulcerative colitis


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Addison's disease is an autoimmune disease that affects the adrenal glands, leading to a deficiency of hormones such as cortisol and aldosterone, resulting in fatigue, weight loss, and low blood pressure.

What is the primary target of the immune system in myasthenia gravis?

  1. Neuromuscular junctions

  2. Muscle fibers

  3. Nerve cells

  4. Synapses


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune disease that affects the neuromuscular junctions, where nerves connect to muscles. The immune system mistakenly attacks these junctions, leading to muscle weakness and fatigue.

Which autoimmune disease affects the skin and mucous membranes, causing blistering and sores?

  1. Pemphigus vulgaris

  2. Psoriasis

  3. Eczema

  4. Dermatitis


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Pemphigus vulgaris is an autoimmune disease that causes blistering and sores on the skin and mucous membranes due to the immune system attacking proteins that hold skin cells together.

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