A gene is the basic unit of heredity and is a region of DNA that codes for a specific protein.

DNA is a double helix, meaning it has two strands of nucleotides that are twisted around each other.

The four nitrogenous bases found in DNA are adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G), and cytosine (C).

Replication is the process by which DNA is copied. During replication, the two strands of DNA separate and each strand serves as a template for the synthesis of a new strand.

Transcription is the process by which DNA is converted into RNA. During transcription, one of the two strands of DNA serves as a template for the synthesis of a complementary RNA strand.

Translation is the process by which RNA is converted into protein. During translation, the sequence of nucleotides in an RNA molecule is used to determine the sequence of amino acids in a protein.

The genetic material in viruses can be either DNA or RNA, depending on the type of virus.

Down syndrome is a genetic disorder caused by the presence of an extra copy of chromosome 21.

Turner syndrome is a genetic disorder caused by the absence of one X chromosome in females.

Klinefelter syndrome is a genetic disorder caused by the presence of an extra X chromosome in males.

Patau syndrome is a genetic disorder caused by the presence of an extra copy of chromosome 13.

Cri du chat syndrome is a genetic disorder caused by the deletion of a portion of chromosome 5.

Angelman syndrome is a genetic disorder caused by the deletion of a portion of chromosome 15.

Prader-Willi syndrome is a genetic disorder caused by the deletion of a portion of chromosome 7.

Williams syndrome is a genetic disorder caused by the deletion of a portion of chromosome 11.