Tycho Brahe observed a supernova in the constellation Cassiopeia in 1572, which became known as Tycho's Supernova.

Nicolaus Copernicus proposed the heliocentric model in his book 'De Revolutionibus Orbium Coelestium' in 1543.

Johannes Kepler discovered the laws of planetary motion, known as Kepler's Laws, in the early 17th century.

Galileo Galilei observed the moons of Jupiter using his telescope in 1610.

Galileo Galilei discovered the rings of Saturn in 1610.

Isaac Newton proposed the theory of universal gravitation in his book 'Principia Mathematica' in 1687.

William Herschel discovered the planet Uranus in 1781.

Urbain Le Verrier and John Couch Adams independently predicted the existence of Neptune in 1846, and it was subsequently observed by Johann Gottfried Galle.

Michel Mayor and Didier Queloz discovered the first extrasolar planet, 51 Pegasi b, in 1995.

Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson discovered the cosmic microwave background radiation in 1965.

Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar predicted the existence of black holes in 1930.

Jocelyn Bell Burnell discovered the first pulsar, PSR B1919+21, in 1967.

Sara Seager discovered the first exoplanet that could potentially support life, GJ 1214 b, in 2009.

The Higgs boson was discovered by a team of scientists at CERN in 2012.