Kanada is known as the father of Indian logic for his contributions to the Vaisheshika school of philosophy, which emphasized the importance of logical reasoning and syllogism.

The Nyaya Sutras, written by Akshapada Gautama, is an important text in Indian philosophy that discusses the concept of atoms and molecules, known as 'paramanu' and 'anu' respectively.

Aryabhata, in his work 'Aryabhatiya', proposed the theory of sun-centered solar system, which was later adopted by Copernicus in the West.

Jantar Mantar is a collection of astronomical observatories built by Maharaja Jai Singh II in various cities across India, including Delhi, Jaipur, Ujjain, and Varanasi.

Pingala, an ancient Indian mathematician, is credited with developing the Fibonacci sequence, which is a series of numbers where each number is the sum of the two preceding ones.

Charaka Samhita is an ancient Indian medical text attributed to Charaka, which discusses various diseases, their symptoms, and their treatments.

Nagarjuna, a renowned Buddhist philosopher, is known for his concept of 'sunyata' or emptiness, which emphasizes the ultimate nature of reality as void of inherent existence.

Bhagavad Gita, a part of the epic Mahabharata, discusses the concepts of 'karma' (action) and 'samsara' (cycle of birth and rebirth) in the context of spiritual liberation.

Mahavira, the founder of Jainism, is known for his theory of 'anekantavada', which emphasizes the existence of multiple perspectives and the relativity of truth.

The Upanishads, a collection of ancient Indian texts, discuss the concept of 'moksha' or liberation, which is the ultimate goal of spiritual pursuit.

Adi Shankara, a renowned philosopher of the Advaita Vedanta school, is known for his theory of 'maya' or illusion, which states that the world we perceive is not ultimately real.

The Dhammapada, a collection of Buddhist teachings, emphasizes the importance of 'ahimsa' or non-violence as a fundamental ethical principle.

Kapila, the founder of the Samkhya school of philosophy, is known for his theory of 'satkaryavada', which states that the effect pre-exists in the cause in a subtle form.

The Samkhya Karika, a text by Ishvara Krishna, discusses the concept of 'gunas' or qualities, which are considered to be the fundamental building blocks of the universe.

Gangesha Upadhyaya, a renowned philosopher of the Navya-Nyaya school, is known for his contributions to Indian logic and epistemology.