Justice is the primary ethical principle that should guide decision-making in maternal and child health because it ensures that all individuals have access to the resources and care they need to achieve optimal health outcomes.

Beneficence is the ethical principle that requires healthcare professionals to act in the best interests of their patients. This means providing care that is intended to benefit the patient and avoiding any actions that could cause harm.

Non-maleficence is the ethical principle that requires healthcare professionals to avoid causing harm to their patients. This means taking all reasonable steps to prevent harm from occurring, and avoiding any actions that could potentially cause harm.

Autonomy is the ethical principle that respects the right of individuals to make decisions about their own healthcare. This means that healthcare professionals should provide patients with the information they need to make informed decisions about their care, and should respect their decisions, even if they disagree with them.

All of the above are ethical issues that arise in maternal and child health. The right to informed consent is the right of patients to be fully informed about their condition and the risks and benefits of different treatment options before making decisions about their care. The right to privacy is the right of patients to have their personal health information kept confidential. The allocation of scarce resources is the challenge of deciding how to distribute limited resources among competing needs. The duty to provide culturally competent care is the obligation of healthcare professionals to provide care that is sensitive to the cultural beliefs and values of their patients.

All of the above are ethical challenges that arise in the context of maternal and child health in India. The high rate of maternal mortality is a major public health concern, and the high rate of infant mortality is a reflection of the poor quality of healthcare services available to mothers and children. The lack of access to quality healthcare services is a major barrier to improving maternal and child health outcomes. The stigma associated with certain health conditions, such as HIV/AIDS and mental illness, can also prevent people from seeking the care they need.

All of the above are ethical issues that arise in the context of reproductive health. The right to choose whether or not to have children is a fundamental human right. The right to access contraception is essential for women to be able to control their fertility and plan their families. The right to access safe abortion services is a matter of public health and human rights. The right to reproductive privacy is the right to make decisions about one's own reproductive health without interference from the government or other third parties.

All of the above are ethical issues that arise in the context of child health. The right to access quality healthcare services is essential for children to grow and develop properly. The right to be protected from abuse and neglect is a fundamental human right. The right to education is essential for children to reach their full potential. The right to play and recreation is important for children's physical and mental health.

All of the above are ethical issues that arise in the context of the relationship between parents and children. The right of parents to make decisions about their children's healthcare is a fundamental right, but it must be balanced against the right of children to have their views respected and the right of children to be protected from harm. The right of parents to discipline their children is also a fundamental right, but it must be exercised in a way that is not harmful to the child.

All of the above are ethical issues that arise in the context of the role of healthcare professionals in maternal and child health. The duty to provide competent care is the duty of healthcare professionals to provide care that is based on the latest scientific evidence and that is in the best interests of the patient. The duty to respect patient autonomy is the duty of healthcare professionals to respect the right of patients to make decisions about their own healthcare. The duty to protect patient confidentiality is the duty of healthcare professionals to keep patient information confidential. The duty to advocate for patients' rights is the duty of healthcare professionals to speak up on behalf of patients when their rights are being violated.

All of the above are ethical issues that arise in the context of the role of governments in maternal and child health. The duty to protect the health of the population is the duty of governments to take steps to prevent disease and promote health. The duty to ensure access to quality healthcare services is the duty of governments to make sure that everyone has access to the healthcare services they need. The duty to promote healthy behaviors is the duty of governments to encourage people to adopt healthy lifestyles. The duty to regulate the healthcare industry is the duty of governments to make sure that the healthcare industry is operating in a safe and ethical manner.

All of the above are ethical issues that arise in the context of the role of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in maternal and child health. The duty to provide quality care is the duty of NGOs to provide care that is based on the latest scientific evidence and that is in the best interests of the patient. The duty to respect patient autonomy is the duty of NGOs to respect the right of patients to make decisions about their own healthcare. The duty to protect patient confidentiality is the duty of NGOs to keep patient information confidential. The duty to advocate for patients' rights is the duty of NGOs to speak up on behalf of patients when their rights are being violated.

All of the above are ethical issues that arise in the context of the role of the media in maternal and child health. The duty to report accurate information is the duty of the media to report on maternal and child health issues in a way that is accurate and unbiased. The duty to avoid sensationalism is the duty of the media to avoid reporting on maternal and child health issues in a way that is sensational or misleading. The duty to protect the privacy of patients is the duty of the media to protect the privacy of patients who are involved in maternal and child health stories. The duty to promote healthy behaviors is the duty of the media to encourage people to adopt healthy lifestyles.

All of the above are ethical issues that arise in the context of the role of the public in maternal and child health. The duty to be informed about maternal and child health issues is the duty of the public to educate themselves about the latest research and evidence on maternal and child health. The duty to advocate for policies that promote maternal and child health is the duty of the public to speak up on behalf of policies that will improve maternal and child health outcomes. The duty to hold healthcare professionals and policymakers accountable is the duty of the public to hold healthcare professionals and policymakers accountable for their actions and decisions. The duty to support organizations that are working to improve maternal and child health is the duty of the public to support organizations that are working to improve maternal and child health outcomes.