Public transportation systems aim to reduce traffic congestion by providing an alternative to private vehicles, thereby reducing the number of cars on the road.

Buses are a widely used mode of public transportation in densely populated urban areas due to their flexibility and ability to navigate narrow streets and congested roads.

Public transportation helps reduce air pollution by reducing the number of vehicles on the road, leading to lower emissions and improved air quality.

Tokyo is renowned for its highly developed and reliable public transportation system, including an extensive network of trains, subways, and buses that efficiently serve the city's large population.

Bus lanes are dedicated lanes reserved exclusively for public transportation vehicles, such as buses, to improve their efficiency and reduce travel time.

Smart cards are widely used in public transportation systems for contactless fare payment. They store electronic value and can be easily tapped on card readers to pay for fares.

Intermodal transportation refers to a system that seamlessly connects different modes of public transportation, allowing passengers to easily transfer between them.

Trains are commonly used for long-distance travel due to their speed, comfort, and ability to cover large distances efficiently.

Demand-responsive transportation is a public transportation system that operates based on passenger demand, adapting its routes and schedules to meet the needs of riders.

Buses are widely used for short-distance travel within a city due to their flexibility, accessibility, and ability to navigate narrow streets and congested areas.

Elevated railways are public transportation systems that operate on tracks elevated above street level, allowing them to avoid traffic congestion and provide faster travel times.

Trains are commonly used for travel between cities or towns due to their speed, comfort, and ability to cover long distances efficiently.

Subways are public transportation systems that operate on tracks underground, allowing them to avoid traffic congestion and provide faster travel times.

Ferries are commonly used for travel across bodies of water, such as rivers, lakes, or seas, providing a convenient and efficient means of transportation.