Ethics of War and Peace

Description: Ethics of War and Peace
Number of Questions: 14
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Which of the following is NOT a traditional just cause for war?

  1. Self-defense

  2. Defense of others

  3. Recovery of lost territory

  4. Punishment of aggressors


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Recovery of lost territory is not traditionally considered a just cause for war because it is seen as a form of revenge, which is prohibited by the just war tradition.

What is the principle of proportionality in the context of war?

  1. The amount of force used must be proportional to the threat posed by the enemy.

  2. The amount of force used must be proportional to the value of the objective being pursued.

  3. The amount of force used must be proportional to the amount of force used by the enemy.

  4. The amount of force used must be proportional to the amount of damage caused by the enemy.


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The principle of proportionality in the context of war states that the amount of force used must be proportional to the threat posed by the enemy. This means that the use of excessive force is prohibited.

What is the principle of non-combatant immunity in the context of war?

  1. Non-combatants must not be targeted by attacks.

  2. Non-combatants must be given a chance to surrender before being attacked.

  3. Non-combatants must be treated humanely if they are captured.

  4. All of the above.


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The principle of non-combatant immunity in the context of war states that non-combatants must not be targeted by attacks, must be given a chance to surrender before being attacked, and must be treated humanely if they are captured.

What is the principle of discrimination in the context of war?

  1. Military targets must be distinguished from civilian targets.

  2. Attacks must be directed at military targets only.

  3. Collateral damage to civilian targets is permissible if it is unavoidable.

  4. All of the above.


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The principle of discrimination in the context of war states that military targets must be distinguished from civilian targets, attacks must be directed at military targets only, and collateral damage to civilian targets is permissible if it is unavoidable.

What is the principle of necessity in the context of war?

  1. War is only justified if it is necessary to achieve a just goal.

  2. War is only justified if it is the last resort after all other options have been exhausted.

  3. War is only justified if it is likely to succeed in achieving its objectives.

  4. All of the above.


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The principle of necessity in the context of war states that war is only justified if it is necessary to achieve a just goal, if it is the last resort after all other options have been exhausted, and if it is likely to succeed in achieving its objectives.

What is the principle of humanity in the context of war?

  1. War must be conducted in a humane manner.

  2. Soldiers must be treated humanely if they are captured.

  3. Civilians must be treated humanely if they are caught in the crossfire.

  4. All of the above.


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The principle of humanity in the context of war states that war must be conducted in a humane manner, soldiers must be treated humanely if they are captured, and civilians must be treated humanely if they are caught in the crossfire.

What is the principle of self-defense in the context of war?

  1. A state has the right to defend itself against an armed attack.

  2. A state has the right to defend its citizens against an armed attack.

  3. A state has the right to defend its territory against an armed attack.

  4. All of the above.


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The principle of self-defense in the context of war states that a state has the right to defend itself against an armed attack, to defend its citizens against an armed attack, and to defend its territory against an armed attack.

What is the principle of collective security in the context of war?

  1. States have a duty to cooperate to prevent and suppress aggression.

  2. States have a duty to come to the aid of a state that is under attack.

  3. States have a duty to share intelligence and resources to prevent and suppress aggression.

  4. All of the above.


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The principle of collective security in the context of war states that states have a duty to cooperate to prevent and suppress aggression, to come to the aid of a state that is under attack, and to share intelligence and resources to prevent and suppress aggression.

What is the principle of peacemaking in the context of war?

  1. States have a duty to negotiate a peace settlement to end a war.

  2. States have a duty to provide humanitarian assistance to victims of war.

  3. States have a duty to promote reconciliation and healing after a war.

  4. All of the above.


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The principle of peacemaking in the context of war states that states have a duty to negotiate a peace settlement to end a war, to provide humanitarian assistance to victims of war, and to promote reconciliation and healing after a war.

What is the principle of just peace in the context of war?

  1. A peace settlement must be just and sustainable.

  2. A peace settlement must address the root causes of the conflict.

  3. A peace settlement must be negotiated with the participation of all parties to the conflict.

  4. All of the above.


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The principle of just peace in the context of war states that a peace settlement must be just and sustainable, must address the root causes of the conflict, and must be negotiated with the participation of all parties to the conflict.

What is the principle of non-intervention in the context of war?

  1. States have a duty to respect the sovereignty of other states.

  2. States have a duty to refrain from interfering in the internal affairs of other states.

  3. States have a duty to refrain from using force against other states.

  4. All of the above.


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The principle of non-intervention in the context of war states that states have a duty to respect the sovereignty of other states, to refrain from interfering in the internal affairs of other states, and to refrain from using force against other states.

What is the principle of responsibility to protect in the context of war?

  1. States have a duty to protect their own citizens from genocide, war crimes, ethnic cleansing, and crimes against humanity.

  2. States have a duty to protect citizens of other states from genocide, war crimes, ethnic cleansing, and crimes against humanity.

  3. States have a duty to cooperate to prevent and suppress genocide, war crimes, ethnic cleansing, and crimes against humanity.

  4. All of the above.


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The principle of responsibility to protect in the context of war states that states have a duty to protect their own citizens from genocide, war crimes, ethnic cleansing, and crimes against humanity, to protect citizens of other states from genocide, war crimes, ethnic cleansing, and crimes against humanity, and to cooperate to prevent and suppress genocide, war crimes, ethnic cleansing, and crimes against humanity.

What is the principle of human security in the context of war?

  1. States have a duty to protect the human security of their own citizens.

  2. States have a duty to protect the human security of citizens of other states.

  3. States have a duty to cooperate to promote human security.

  4. All of the above.


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The principle of human security in the context of war states that states have a duty to protect the human security of their own citizens, to protect the human security of citizens of other states, and to cooperate to promote human security.

What is the principle of sustainable peace in the context of war?

  1. A peace settlement must be sustainable in the long term.

  2. A peace settlement must address the root causes of the conflict.

  3. A peace settlement must be negotiated with the participation of all parties to the conflict.

  4. All of the above.


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The principle of sustainable peace in the context of war states that a peace settlement must be sustainable in the long term, must address the root causes of the conflict, and must be negotiated with the participation of all parties to the conflict.

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