Aryabhata, who lived in the 5th century CE, is considered the father of Indian astronomy due to his groundbreaking contributions to the field, including the development of the Aryabhata system of astronomy.

Ancient Indian astronomy played a crucial role in agriculture by helping farmers determine the optimal time for planting and harvesting crops based on celestial observations and calculations.

The Surya Siddhanta, attributed to the astronomer Latadeva, is regarded as the most comprehensive and influential ancient Indian text on astronomy and astrology, covering topics such as planetary motion, eclipses, and the zodiac.

Ancient Indian astronomers primarily relied on observing cloud formations and patterns to predict the weather, as described in texts like the Brihat Samhita by Varahamihira.

Brahmagupta, an astronomer and mathematician of the 6th century CE, developed a system for calculating the position of the planets based on their mean motion, known as the Brahmagupta system.

The Nakshatra system, consisting of 27 lunar mansions, was primarily used in ancient Indian astronomy for mapping the constellations and tracking the movement of the Moon.

Aryabhata developed a method for calculating the time of sunrise and sunset based on the Earth's rotation and the position of the Sun, as described in his treatise, the Aryabhatiya.

The Panchang, a traditional Indian calendar, was primarily used to calculate the time of religious festivals and auspicious occasions based on astronomical calculations.

Bhaskara II, also known as Bhaskaracharya, made significant contributions to spherical astronomy, including the development of methods for calculating the positions of celestial bodies on the celestial sphere.

The Jyotishastra, a branch of ancient Indian astronomy, was primarily used to determine the best time for planting and harvesting crops based on celestial observations and calculations.

Aryabhata developed a method for calculating the circumference of the Earth based on the Earth's shadow during a lunar eclipse, as described in his treatise, the Aryabhatiya.

The Brihat Samhita, written by Varahamihira, was primarily used to predict the weather and natural phenomena based on astronomical observations and calculations.

Varahamihira, also known as Varaha, made significant contributions to the field of astrology, including the development of methods for predicting the future based on celestial observations and calculations.

The Vedanga Jyotisha, one of the six Vedangas, was primarily used to calculate the time of religious festivals and auspicious occasions based on astronomical calculations.

Aryabhata developed a method for calculating the time of eclipses based on the positions of the Sun, Moon, and Earth, as described in his treatise, the Aryabhatiya.