Aryabhata (476-550 CE) is widely regarded as the father of Indian astronomy. He made significant contributions to mathematics and astronomy, including the development of the Aryabhata system of astronomy, which was based on the heliocentric model of the solar system.

Aryabhata was the first Indian astronomer to propose the theory of the Earth's rotation on its axis. He also proposed that the Earth is spherical and that it orbits the Sun.

Brahmagupta (598-668 CE) developed the concept of the zero digit and introduced it into the Indian number system. He also made significant contributions to algebra and astronomy.

Varahamihira (505-587 CE) wrote the treatise 'Surya Siddhanta', which is one of the most important works in Indian astronomy. It contains detailed information about the positions of celestial bodies, eclipses, and other astronomical phenomena.

Varahamihira developed the 'Panchang' system, which is a Hindu calendar that is still used today. The Panchang provides information about the positions of celestial bodies, auspicious days, and other astrological data.

Jai Singh II (1699-1748 CE) invented the 'Jantar Mantar' observatory, which is a collection of astronomical instruments located in Jaipur, India. The Jantar Mantar is used to observe the positions of celestial bodies and to study their movements.

G. Madhavan Nair (born 1949) discovered the 'Chandrayaan-1' mission, which was India's first lunar exploration mission. The Chandrayaan-1 mission was launched in 2008 and successfully orbited the Moon for over a year.

M.N. Saha (1893-1956) was the first Indian astronomer to receive the Padma Vibhushan award, which is the second highest civilian award in India. He was awarded the Padma Vibhushan in 1954 for his contributions to astrophysics.

V. Radhakrishnan (1929-2017) was the first Indian astronomer to be elected as the President of the International Astronomical Union (IAU). He served as the President of the IAU from 1997 to 2000.

Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar (1910-1995) was the first Indian astronomer to be awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1983 for his work on the theory of white dwarf stars.

C.V. Raman (1888-1970) was the first Indian astronomer to be awarded the Padma Bhushan award, which is the third highest civilian award in India. He was awarded the Padma Bhushan in 1954 for his contributions to physics.

Homi J. Bhabha (1909-1966) was the first Indian astronomer to be awarded the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize, which is the highest science award in India. He was awarded the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize in 1954 for his contributions to physics.

Vikram Sarabhai (1919-1971) was the first Indian astronomer to be awarded the Jawaharlal Nehru Award, which is the highest civilian award in India. He was awarded the Jawaharlal Nehru Award in 1966 for his contributions to science and technology.

M.G.K. Menon (1898-1975) was the first Indian astronomer to be awarded the Indira Gandhi Prize, which is the highest environmental award in India. He was awarded the Indira Gandhi Prize in 1980 for his contributions to the development of nuclear energy in India.

Srinivasa Ramanujan (1887-1920) was the first Indian astronomer to be awarded the Ramanujan Prize, which is the highest mathematics award in India. He was awarded the Ramanujan Prize in 1919 for his contributions to number theory.