Public transportation, such as buses, trains, and trams, offers a cost-effective and environmentally friendly way to move people around a city, reducing traffic congestion and air pollution.

Zoning laws are used to divide a city into different zones, each with its own set of regulations regarding land use, building height, and density, with the aim of separating residential and commercial areas.

New Urbanism is an urban design movement that promotes the creation of compact, walkable neighborhoods with a mix of residential, commercial, and civic uses, reducing the need for car travel.

Urban renewal refers to the process of revitalizing and improving a declining urban area through various strategies such as demolishing old buildings, constructing new ones, and improving infrastructure.

Green infrastructure refers to the network of interconnected open spaces, such as parks, greenways, and natural areas, that provide environmental and social benefits to urban residents.

Urban sprawl refers to the outward expansion of a city into surrounding rural areas, often characterized by low-density development and increased reliance on car travel.

New Urbanism is an urban planning approach that emphasizes mixed-use development, walkability, and the creation of compact, sustainable neighborhoods.

Adaptive reuse refers to the process of converting a former industrial or commercial area into a residential or mixed-use development, often preserving the original building's character and history.

Transit-oriented development (TOD) is a city planning concept that involves designing neighborhoods around public transportation hubs, promoting walkability and reducing car dependency.

Retrofitting refers to the process of improving the energy efficiency and sustainability of a city's buildings and infrastructure by adding new technologies or making modifications to existing systems.

Smart City is a city planning approach that emphasizes the integration of technology and data to improve urban services and infrastructure, such as transportation, energy, and waste management.

Urban densification refers to the process of creating a more compact and efficient urban form by reducing sprawl and promoting infill development, increasing the density of buildings and reducing the amount of land used for development.

Economic development is a city planning concept that involves promoting economic growth and job creation through the attraction and retention of businesses, often through incentives, infrastructure improvements, and workforce development programs.

Historic preservation refers to the process of preserving and enhancing a city's historic and cultural heritage, often through the designation of historic districts, the restoration of historic buildings, and the promotion of cultural events and activities.

Green infrastructure refers to the network of interconnected green spaces and natural areas within a city, providing environmental and social benefits such as improved air and water quality, reduced heat island effect, and increased biodiversity.