Rene Descartes is widely regarded as the father of modern mathematics due to his pioneering work in analytic geometry and the development of Cartesian coordinates.

Albert Einstein is renowned for his groundbreaking contributions to the theory of relativity, which revolutionized our understanding of space, time, and gravity.

Pythagoras is credited with discovering the famous Pythagorean theorem, which states that in a right triangle, the square of the hypotenuse is equal to the sum of the squares of the other two sides.

Leonardo of Pisa, also known as Fibonacci, is famous for introducing the Fibonacci sequence to the Western world. This sequence, where each number is the sum of the two preceding ones, has fascinated mathematicians and scientists for centuries.

Isaac Newton is widely recognized as the father of calculus, along with Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz. His work on calculus laid the foundation for modern mathematics and physics.

Pierre de Fermat is renowned for his contributions to number theory, including Fermat's Last Theorem, which remained unsolved for over 350 years until its proof by Andrew Wiles in 1994.

Srinivasa Ramanujan is often regarded as one of the greatest mathematicians of all time due to his extraordinary mathematical insights and contributions, despite having no formal training in mathematics.

Nikolai Lobachevsky is credited with developing the concept of non-Euclidean geometry, which challenged the long-held belief that Euclidean geometry was the only possible geometry.

Pierre-Simon Laplace made significant contributions to the theory of probability and is considered one of the founders of modern probability theory.

Leonhard Euler is renowned for his groundbreaking work in topology, including his contributions to graph theory and the study of polyhedra.

Evariste Galois is famous for his work on the theory of groups, which laid the foundation for modern algebra and Galois theory.

Bernhard Riemann is known for his contributions to complex analysis, including the development of the Riemann sphere, which provides a geometric representation of complex numbers.

Albert Einstein is renowned for his groundbreaking work on the theory of relativity and his contributions to quantum mechanics, which revolutionized our understanding of physics.

Karl Weierstrass is famous for his contributions to the theory of analytic functions, including his development of the Weierstrass approximation theorem.

Ronald Aylmer Fisher is widely regarded as the father of modern statistics due to his pioneering work in statistical inference, experimental design, and the development of statistical methods.