Isaac Newton is often considered the father of modern science due to his groundbreaking work in physics and mathematics, including his laws of motion and universal gravitation.

The Scientific Revolution, which occurred in the 16th and 17th centuries, challenged traditional beliefs and emphasized observation, experimentation, and rational thinking, leading to major advancements in science.

Nicolaus Copernicus proposed the heliocentric theory, which revolutionized astronomy by placing the Sun at the center of the solar system, challenging the prevailing geocentric model.

Isaac Newton formulated the laws of motion and universal gravitation, which laid the foundation for classical mechanics and revolutionized our understanding of the physical world.

Michael Faraday made significant contributions to the study of electricity and magnetism, including his discovery of electromagnetic induction, which laid the groundwork for the development of electric generators and transformers.

Charles Darwin proposed the theory of evolution by natural selection, which revolutionized our understanding of the diversity of life and the mechanisms driving its evolution.

James Watson and Francis Crick discovered the double helix structure of DNA, providing a fundamental understanding of the genetic material and its role in heredity.

Albert Einstein developed the theory of relativity, which transformed our understanding of space, time, and gravity, and laid the foundation for modern physics.

Werner Heisenberg formulated the uncertainty principle, a fundamental principle in quantum mechanics that states that the more precisely the position of a particle is known, the less precisely its momentum can be known, and vice versa.

J.J. Thomson discovered the electron, a fundamental subatomic particle with a negative charge, through his experiments with cathode rays.

Dmitri Mendeleev developed the periodic table, a tabular arrangement of chemical elements organized by their atomic number, properties, and recurring chemical patterns.

Georges Lemaître proposed the Big Bang theory, which suggests that the universe originated from a very hot, dense state and has been expanding ever since.

Friedrich Kekulé proposed the hexagonal structure of benzene, a fundamental organic compound with a ring of six carbon atoms, revolutionizing our understanding of organic chemistry.

Alfred Wegener proposed the theory of continental drift, which later evolved into the theory of plate tectonics, explaining the movement of Earth's tectonic plates and the formation of geological features.