School assessment serves multiple purposes, including measuring student achievement, providing feedback to students and teachers, and promoting student learning.

Standardized assessment is not a type of school assessment. It is a type of external assessment conducted by an external agency.

Formative assessment serves multiple purposes, including measuring student achievement, providing feedback to students and teachers, and promoting student learning.

Portfolios are not a method of formative assessment. They are a method of summative assessment.

The primary purpose of summative assessment is to measure student achievement.

Observations are not a method of summative assessment. They are a method of formative assessment.

Diagnostic assessment serves multiple purposes, including identifying student strengths and weaknesses, providing feedback to students and teachers, and promoting student learning.

Portfolios are not a method of diagnostic assessment. They are a method of summative assessment.

School assessment is associated with a number of challenges, including bias, reliability, and validity.

Bias in school assessment can be reduced by using multiple assessment methods, providing clear and specific assessment criteria, and training assessors to be aware of their own biases.

Reliability in school assessment can be improved by using multiple assessors, using standardized assessment procedures, and providing clear and specific assessment criteria.

Validity in school assessment can be improved by using multiple assessment methods, ensuring that assessments are aligned with learning objectives, and providing clear and specific assessment criteria.

Assessment plays a crucial role in promoting student learning by helping students identify their strengths and weaknesses, providing feedback on their progress, and motivating them to learn.

Assessment can be used to promote equity in education by using multiple assessment methods, providing clear and specific assessment criteria, and training assessors to be aware of their own biases.

Some of the future trends in school assessment include increased use of technology, greater focus on formative assessment, and more emphasis on authentic assessment.