Saltation is a process where sediment particles are lifted from the bed and transported in a series of short jumps or bounces, while bed load, suspended load, and wash load are all modes of sediment transport.

The initiation of sediment transport is primarily governed by flow velocity, as it exerts a shear stress on the sediment particles, causing them to move.

Sediment size has the greatest influence on its transportability, as smaller particles are more easily entrained and transported by flowing water.

Competence in sediment transport refers to the maximum size of sediment that can be transported by a flow, given its velocity and other hydraulic characteristics.

Increased flow velocity increases the shear stress on the sediment particles, enhancing their transportability.

Deposition is the process by which sediment is settled out of a flowing fluid and accumulates on the bed.

Meander is a sinuous pattern of a river, not a type of sediment deposit.

Aggradation in sediment transport refers to the process of sediment deposition, leading to the buildup of sediment on the bed.

Groynes are structures built perpendicular to the flow direction to control sediment transport and protect river banks from erosion.

Sediment yield is the total amount of sediment transported by a river over a given period, typically measured in tons per year.

Vegetation is not a direct factor influencing sediment yield, although it can indirectly affect sediment transport through its influence on runoff and erosion.

Sediment budget refers to the balance between sediment inputs (e.g., from erosion) and outputs (e.g., through deposition) in a river system.

River channelization is not a common sediment management strategy, as it can lead to increased erosion and sediment transport.

Sediment fingerprinting is a technique used to identify the sources of sediment in a river system by analyzing the unique geochemical or mineralogical characteristics of sediment samples.

The Darcy-Weisbach equation is not a sediment transport model, but rather an equation used to calculate head loss in pipes and channels.