Steel is a relatively modern material, while bamboo, cotton, and wood have been used in India for centuries.

Cellulose is the main structural component of bamboo, making it strong and flexible.

Bleaching, dyeing, and printing are all traditional Indian methods of treating cotton.

Cellulose is the main structural component of wood, making it strong and durable.

Thatch roofing, timber framing, and log cabins are all traditional Indian methods of building with wood.

Steel is an alloy primarily composed of iron, carbon, and manganese.

Forging, casting, and welding are all traditional Indian methods of working with steel.

Cement is the main binding agent in concrete, holding the sand, gravel, and water together.

Using lime as a binder, jaggery as a plasticizer, and bamboo as a reinforcement are all traditional Indian methods of making concrete.

Glass is primarily composed of silica, soda ash, and lime.

Using wood ash as a flux, cow dung as a fuel, and molds made from clay are all traditional Indian methods of making glass.

Ceramics are primarily composed of clay, feldspar, and quartz.

Using a potter's wheel, firing in a kiln, and glazing with natural materials are all traditional Indian methods of making ceramics.

Cellulose is the main component of paper, making it strong and flexible.

Using tree bark, cotton rags, and bamboo pulp as raw materials are all traditional Indian methods of making paper.