Astrochemistry is the study of the chemical composition of celestial objects, including stars, planets, comets, and interstellar gas and dust.

Water vapor is a key indicator of the presence of liquid water on a planet because it is a stable molecule that can exist in both liquid and gaseous states under a wide range of temperatures and pressures.

Astrochemistry is the study of the chemical composition of celestial objects, including the formation of organic molecules in space.

Super-Earths are rocky planets that are larger than Earth but smaller than Neptune. They are considered promising targets in the search for habitable environments because they may have the right conditions for liquid water to exist on their surfaces.

The Perseverance rover is a NASA mission that was launched in 2018 to study the habitability of Mars. It landed on Mars in February 2021 and is currently exploring the Jezero crater, which is thought to have been a lake billions of years ago.

The Kepler Space Telescope was a NASA mission that was launched in 2009 to search for exoplanets. It discovered over 2,600 confirmed exoplanets before its retirement in 2018.

The habitable zone is the region around a star where liquid water can exist on the surface of a planet. It is also known as the Goldilocks zone or the circumstellar habitable zone.

Hot Jupiters are exoplanets that are similar in size to Jupiter but orbit very close to their host stars. They are characterized by their extremely high surface temperatures, which can reach thousands of degrees Celsius.

The Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) is a NASA mission that was launched in 2022 to study the atmospheres of exoplanets. It is designed to search for exoplanets that transit, or pass in front of, their host stars.

Oxygen is considered a key indicator of the presence of life on a planet because it is a highly reactive element that is not produced in significant quantities by non-biological processes.

Panspermia is the hypothesis that organic molecules are delivered to a planet from space, either through comets, asteroids, or other mechanisms.

Super-Earths are rocky exoplanets that are larger than Earth but smaller than Neptune. They are considered promising targets in the search for habitable environments because they may have the right conditions for liquid water to exist on their surfaces.

The Europa Clipper is a NASA mission that was launched in 2023 to study the habitability of Europa, a moon of Jupiter. It is scheduled to arrive at Europa in 2030 and will conduct a detailed investigation of the moon's surface, atmosphere, and interior.

Water vapor is considered a key indicator of the presence of an atmosphere on a planet because it is a stable molecule that can exist in both liquid and gaseous states under a wide range of temperatures and pressures.