To compare students' performance to each other

To measure a student's performance against a set of predetermined criteria or standards

To predict a student's future academic success

To identify students who need additional support

It is based on a set of predetermined criteria or standards.

It is used to compare students' performance to each other.

It provides information about a student's strengths and weaknesses.

It can be used to make decisions about instruction and placement.

Norm-referenced assessment

Criterion-referenced assessment

Formative assessment

Summative assessment

A multiple-choice test that measures a student's knowledge of a specific topic

A performance assessment that requires a student to demonstrate a specific skill

A portfolio of a student's work that is used to assess their progress over time

All of the above

It provides information about a student's strengths and weaknesses.

It can be used to make decisions about instruction and placement.

It helps to ensure that all students are learning the same material.

All of the above

It can be difficult to develop meaningful criteria or standards.

It can be time-consuming to administer and score CRA.

It can be difficult to ensure that CRA is fair and unbiased.

All of the above

By providing information about a student's strengths and weaknesses

By helping teachers to identify students who need additional support

By providing feedback to teachers on the effectiveness of their instruction

All of the above

By identifying students who are ready to move on to the next grade or level

By identifying students who need additional support

By placing students in appropriate special education programs

All of the above

It can be difficult to develop meaningful criteria or standards.

It can be time-consuming to administer and score CRA.

It can be difficult to ensure that CRA is fair and unbiased.

All of the above

There is a growing emphasis on using CRA to improve instruction.

There is a growing emphasis on using CRA to make decisions about placement.

There is a growing emphasis on using CRA to assess students' progress over time.

All of the above

The development of meaningful criteria or standards can be difficult.

The administration and scoring of CRA can be time-consuming.

Ensuring that CRA is fair and unbiased can be difficult.

All of the above

Use technology to help develop and score CRA.

Provide teachers with training and support in the use of CRA.

Work with stakeholders to develop meaningful criteria or standards.

All of the above

CRA will continue to be used as a primary means of assessing student learning.

CRA will be replaced by other forms of assessment, such as performance assessment.

CRA will be used in combination with other forms of assessment to provide a more comprehensive picture of student learning.

None of the above

The development of meaningful criteria or standards.

The administration and scoring of CRA.

Ensuring that CRA is fair and unbiased.

All of the above

Use multiple measures to assess student learning.

Provide accommodations for students with disabilities.

Use bias-free language in CRA.

All of the above