Cataracts, which are the clouding of the lens of the eye, are the leading cause of blindness worldwide.

Glaucoma medications primarily work by reducing intraocular pressure, which is the pressure inside the eye.

Blurred vision is a common symptom of age-related macular degeneration, which affects the central part of the retina.

Diabetic retinopathy is caused by high blood sugar levels, which can damage the blood vessels in the retina.

Phacoemulsification is a surgical procedure in which the cataract is broken up using ultrasound waves and then removed from the eye.

A trabeculectomy is a surgical procedure that creates a new pathway for fluid to drain out of the eye, thereby reducing intraocular pressure.

Femtosecond lasers are commonly used in laser cataract surgery to create precise incisions and fragment the cataract.

Anti-VEGF drugs are used in the treatment of diabetic retinopathy to inhibit the growth of new blood vessels in the retina, which can lead to vision loss.

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a non-invasive imaging technique that provides detailed cross-sectional images of the retina, making it useful for diagnosing and monitoring age-related macular degeneration.

The lacrimal glands are responsible for producing tears, which lubricate the eye and help to protect it from infection.

Pterygium is an eye disease in which scar tissue forms on the cornea, often starting from the nasal side.

The conjunctiva is a thin membrane that covers the white part of the eye and lines the inside of the eyelids. Its primary function is to protect the cornea.

Nuclear cataracts are characterized by the clouding of the lens nucleus, which is the central part of the lens.

The iris is a colored part of the eye that controls the size of the pupil, which regulates the amount of light entering the eye.

Retinal detachment occurs when the retina separates from the underlying choroid, which can lead to vision loss.