Pickling involves submerging vegetables in a brine or vinegar solution, creating an acidic environment that inhibits the growth of bacteria and extends the shelf life of the vegetables.

Oil is not typically used as a pickling liquid because it does not create an acidic environment necessary for preservation. Vinegar, brine, and sugar syrup are all common pickling liquids.

Salt plays a crucial role in pickling by drawing out moisture from the vegetables, creating an osmotic environment that inhibits the growth of bacteria and helps preserve the vegetables.

Fruits are a key ingredient in chutneys, providing natural sweetness and flavor. Common fruits used in chutneys include mangoes, apples, and tomatoes.

Sugar is added to chutneys primarily to enhance their flavor by balancing the tartness of the vinegar and spices. It also helps thicken the chutney and gives it a glossy appearance.

Black pepper is not a common spice used in making chutneys. Common spices used in chutneys include cumin, coriander, cinnamon, and cloves.

Vinegar is added to pickles primarily to preserve them by creating an acidic environment that inhibits the growth of bacteria and extends their shelf life.

Jelly pickles are not a common type of pickle. Common types of pickles include cucumber pickles, onion pickles, and carrot pickles.

Spices are added to pickles primarily to enhance their flavor by adding depth and complexity. Common spices used in pickling include garlic, dill, and mustard seeds.

Mint chutney is not a common type of chutney. Common types of chutneys include mango chutney, tomato chutney, and apple chutney.

Oil is added to chutneys primarily to preserve them by creating a barrier against oxygen, which helps prevent spoilage and extends their shelf life.

Berries are not a common ingredient used in making pickles. Common ingredients used in pickles include cucumbers, onions, and carrots.

Sugar is added to pickles primarily to enhance their flavor by balancing the tartness of the vinegar and spices. It also helps thicken the pickling liquid and gives the pickles a glossy appearance.

Honey is not a common type of pickling liquid. Common pickling liquids include vinegar, brine, and oil.

Spices are added to chutneys primarily to enhance their flavor by adding depth and complexity. Common spices used in chutneys include cumin, coriander, and cinnamon.