In nuclear fusion, isotopes of hydrogen, such as deuterium and tritium, are combined to form helium, releasing a significant amount of energy.

Nuclear fusion has the potential to generate large amounts of energy without producing greenhouse gases, making it a promising solution to combat climate change.

One of the main challenges in nuclear fusion is achieving and maintaining the extremely high temperatures required for the fusion reaction to occur.

China is currently at the forefront of nuclear fusion research, with several major projects underway, including the EAST (Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak) facility.

ITER (International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor) is a collaborative project involving 35 countries, aiming to demonstrate the feasibility of nuclear fusion as a large-scale energy source.

While significant progress has been made, the commercialization of nuclear fusion energy is still several decades away, with estimates ranging beyond 2060.

The Deuterium-Tritium (D-T) reaction is currently the most promising for commercial applications due to its relatively low ignition temperature and high energy output.

The divertor in a tokamak fusion reactor is designed to remove impurities from the plasma, preventing them from contaminating the core plasma and reducing its performance.

JET (Joint European Torus) is the experimental fusion reactor located in France that achieved a record-breaking 101 seconds of sustained plasma operation.

The United States has the largest number of nuclear fusion startups, with companies such as Commonwealth Fusion Systems, Helion Energy, and General Fusion leading the way.

The SPARC (Sparrow) project aims to demonstrate net energy gain from a fusion reaction, which would be a major milestone in the development of commercial fusion energy.

Tokamak is a type of nuclear fusion reactor design that utilizes magnetic fields to confine plasma in a doughnut-shaped chamber.

STEP (Spherical Tokamak for Energy Production) is the experimental fusion reactor in the United Kingdom that is designed to produce electricity.

The Wendelstein 7-X fusion reactor is located in Germany and is known for its unique stellarator design, which aims to improve plasma stability.

SPARC (Sparrow) is the experimental fusion reactor in the United States that is designed to test high-temperature superconducting magnets.