Consciousness is a fundamental property of matter.

Consciousness is an emergent property of complex systems.

Consciousness is an illusion.

Consciousness is a product of the brain's activity.

John Searle

David Chalmers

Daniel Dennett

C. D. Broad

Strong emergentism claims that consciousness is completely independent of physical processes, while weak emergentism claims that consciousness is dependent on physical processes.

Strong emergentism claims that consciousness is a fundamental property of matter, while weak emergentism claims that consciousness is an emergent property of complex systems.

Strong emergentism claims that consciousness is a product of the brain's activity, while weak emergentism claims that consciousness is an illusion.

Strong emergentism claims that consciousness is an emergent property of complex systems, while weak emergentism claims that consciousness is a fundamental property of matter.

The argument from qualia: Qualia are the subjective, qualitative aspects of consciousness, such as the taste of coffee or the smell of a rose. Emergentists argue that qualia cannot be reduced to physical processes and that they therefore provide evidence for the existence of non-physical consciousness.

The argument from complexity: Emergentists argue that consciousness is an emergent property of complex systems, such as the brain. They point out that complex systems can exhibit properties that are not present in their individual components.

The argument from free will: Emergentists argue that consciousness is necessary for free will. They argue that if consciousness is reducible to physical processes, then our actions would be determined by those processes and we would not have free will.

All of the above.

The problem of causal closure: Emergentists argue that consciousness is an emergent property of complex systems. However, critics argue that this raises the problem of causal closure, since it is not clear how a non-physical property like consciousness can causally interact with physical processes.

The problem of multiple realizability: Emergentists argue that consciousness is an emergent property of complex systems. However, critics argue that this raises the problem of multiple realizability, since consciousness can be realized in different types of physical systems.

The problem of panpsychism: Emergentists argue that consciousness is an emergent property of complex systems. However, critics argue that this leads to the problem of panpsychism, since it implies that all matter has some degree of consciousness.

All of the above.

Emergentism is a form of materialism.

Emergentism is a form of dualism.

Emergentism is a form of idealism.

Emergentism is a form of panpsychism.

Emergentism suggests that consciousness is a complex phenomenon that cannot be fully understood by studying its individual components.

Emergentism suggests that consciousness is not reducible to physical processes and that it therefore requires a non-physical explanation.

Emergentism suggests that consciousness is a fundamental property of matter and that it is therefore present in all matter.

All of the above.

How does consciousness emerge from physical processes?

What is the relationship between consciousness and the brain?

Is consciousness unique to humans?

All of the above.

Research on the neural correlates of consciousness.

Research on the relationship between consciousness and the brain.

Research on the evolution of consciousness.

All of the above.

Developing new treatments for mental disorders.

Creating artificial intelligence systems that are conscious.

Understanding the nature of reality.

All of the above.

The question of whether or not animals are conscious.

The question of whether or not artificial intelligence systems can be conscious.

The question of whether or not it is morally permissible to create artificial intelligence systems that are conscious.

All of the above.

Emergentism is compatible with materialism.

Emergentism is compatible with dualism.

Emergentism is compatible with idealism.

All of the above.

Emergentism is too vague.

Emergentism is not falsifiable.

Emergentism is not a scientific theory.

All of the above.

Emergentism will become a major theory of consciousness.

Emergentism will be replaced by a more successful theory of consciousness.

Emergentism will remain a minority view.

It is impossible to say.

Emergence.

Complexity.

Self-organization.

All of the above.