The fundamental difference between a solid-state laser and a gas laser is the type of gain medium used. Solid-state lasers use a solid gain medium, such as a crystal or a glass, while gas lasers use a gaseous gain medium, such as a mixture of gases.

The most common type of solid-state laser is the neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser. Nd:YAG lasers are widely used in a variety of applications, including laser marking, laser cutting, and laser welding.

The wavelength of a ruby laser is 694.3 nm. Ruby lasers are commonly used in applications such as laser marking and laser engraving.

The wavelength of a Nd:YAG laser is 1064 nm. Nd:YAG lasers are commonly used in applications such as laser cutting, laser welding, and laser marking.

The wavelength of a titanium-sapphire laser is typically around 800 nm. Titanium-sapphire lasers are commonly used in applications such as scientific research and laser spectroscopy.

The wavelength of a diode laser typically ranges from 630 nm to 1550 nm. Diode lasers are commonly used in applications such as laser pointers, optical communications, and laser surgery.

Solid-state lasers are more compact than gas lasers because they do not require a large gas discharge tube. This makes them ideal for applications where space is limited.

Solid-state lasers are generally less efficient than gas lasers. This is because solid-state lasers typically have a lower gain than gas lasers.

The most common application of solid-state lasers is laser marking. Solid-state lasers are used to mark a variety of materials, including metals, plastics, and ceramics.

The second most common application of solid-state lasers is laser cutting. Solid-state lasers are used to cut a variety of materials, including metals, plastics, and ceramics.

The third most common application of solid-state lasers is laser welding. Solid-state lasers are used to weld a variety of materials, including metals, plastics, and ceramics.

The fourth most common application of solid-state lasers is laser surgery. Solid-state lasers are used to perform a variety of surgical procedures, including laser eye surgery and laser skin surgery.

The fifth most common application of solid-state lasers is laser engraving. Solid-state lasers are used to engrave a variety of materials, including metals, plastics, and ceramics.

The sixth most common application of solid-state lasers is laser drilling. Solid-state lasers are used to drill holes in a variety of materials, including metals, plastics, and ceramics.

The seventh most common application of solid-state lasers is laser cleaning. Solid-state lasers are used to clean a variety of surfaces, including metals, plastics, and ceramics.