The sympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for the 'fight-or-flight' response, which prepares the body for physical exertion and increases arousal.

The language-autonomic pathway is a neural pathway that connects language areas in the brain, such as Broca's area and Wernicke's area, to the autonomic nervous system.

Acetylcholine is the primary neurotransmitter involved in the language-autonomic pathway. It plays a crucial role in regulating physiological responses to language.

The effect of language on heart rate variability depends on the emotional content of the language. Positive language tends to increase heart rate variability, while negative language tends to decrease it.

Psychophysiological response is the term for the phenomenon where language can trigger physiological responses, such as changes in heart rate or skin conductance.

The amygdala is the brain region primarily involved in the processing of emotional language. It plays a crucial role in generating physiological responses to emotional language.

Language can both enhance and suppress immune function, depending on the context and emotional content of the language.

Analgesia is the term for the phenomenon where language can influence the perception of pain, reducing the intensity of pain.

Language can both increase and decrease cortisol levels, depending on the context and emotional content of the language.

The prefrontal cortex is involved in the regulation of emotions through language. It plays a crucial role in controlling emotional responses and generating appropriate language output.

Language can increase oxytocin levels, particularly in the context of positive social interactions and emotional bonding.

Time perception bias is the term for the phenomenon where language can influence the perception of time, making it seem to pass faster or slower.

Language can both increase and decrease risk-taking behavior, depending on the context and emotional content of the language.

The temporal lobe is involved in the processing of figurative language, such as metaphors and idioms. It plays a crucial role in understanding the non-literal meaning of language.

Language can shape self-concept and identity by providing a framework for understanding and expressing one's thoughts, feelings, and experiences.