Bilingualism, multilingualism, and polyglottism all refer to the ability to use multiple languages.

Friedrich Nietzsche argued that bilingualism is a form of mental gymnastics that improves cognitive abilities.

Language interference is the phenomenon where bilingual individuals experience difficulty in accessing words in one language while speaking the other.

Jacques Derrida, Martin Heidegger, and Emmanuel Levinas have all argued that bilingualism can lead to a deeper understanding of reality.

Code-switching is the phenomenon where bilingual individuals are able to switch between languages effortlessly.

Martha Nussbaum, Iris Murdoch, and Alasdair MacIntyre have all argued that bilingualism can lead to a more nuanced understanding of ethical concepts.

Biculturalism is the phenomenon where bilingual individuals experience a sense of belonging to two or more cultural groups.

John Stuart Mill, Bertrand Russell, and George Orwell have all argued that bilingualism can lead to a more open-minded and tolerant worldview.

Cross-linguistic transfer is the phenomenon where bilingual individuals are able to use their knowledge of one language to learn another language more easily.

Edward de Bono, Ken Robinson, and Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi have all argued that bilingualism can lead to a more creative and innovative mindset.

Mental agility, cognitive flexibility, and adaptive thinking are all terms used to describe the phenomenon where bilingual individuals experience a sense of cognitive flexibility and adaptability.

Ludwig Wittgenstein, J.L. Austin, and John Searle have all argued that bilingualism can lead to a deeper understanding of the relationship between language and thought.

Transcultural literacy, intercultural competence, and global citizenship are all terms used to describe the phenomenon where bilingual individuals are able to use their knowledge of one language to understand and appreciate literature and culture from other languages.

Richard Rorty, Hilary Putnam, and Donald Davidson have all argued that bilingualism can lead to a more nuanced understanding of the concept of truth.

Intercultural communication, cross-cultural communication, and transcultural communication are all terms used to describe the phenomenon where bilingual individuals are able to use their knowledge of one language to communicate with people from other cultures.