Bal Gangadhar Tilak is widely regarded as the father of Indian nationalism due to his contributions to the Indian independence movement and his advocacy for self-rule.

Gandhism, inspired by Mahatma Gandhi, emphasized the principles of non-violence and civil disobedience as effective means of achieving political and social change.

Jawaharlal Nehru became the first Prime Minister of India after independence in 1947.

The Indian National Congress has been the dominant political party in India since independence, winning numerous elections and forming governments at both the national and state levels.

The primary goal of the Indian National Congress during the pre-independence era was to achieve complete independence from British rule and establish a self-governing nation.

Communism is a political ideology that promotes the abolition of private property and the establishment of a classless society through collective ownership of the means of production.

M.N. Roy, a prominent Indian revolutionary and political theorist, founded the Communist Party of India in 1920.

Liberalism is a political ideology that advocates for individual liberty, limited government intervention, and free market capitalism as the best means of achieving social and economic progress.

The Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) is a right-wing political party in India that espouses the ideology of Hindutva, which emphasizes the cultural and political dominance of Hindus in India.

Deendayal Upadhyaya was the main proponent of the idea of 'Integral Humanism' in Indian political thought, which emphasizes the harmonious integration of individual, social, and national development.

Conservatism is a political ideology that emphasizes the preservation of traditional values, social order, and limited government intervention in society.

C. Rajagopalachari, a prominent Indian politician and statesman, founded the Swatantra Party in 1959, which advocated for classical liberalism and free market principles.

Green Politics is a political ideology that emphasizes the importance of environmental protection, social justice, and sustainable development, advocating for policies that promote ecological balance and social equality.

Jayaprakash Narayan was the main proponent of the idea of 'Gandhian Socialism' in Indian political thought, which sought to combine Gandhian principles of non-violence and social justice with socialist economic policies.

Socialism is a political ideology that advocates for the redistribution of wealth and resources to promote social and economic equality, often through government intervention and public ownership of industries.