The primary purpose of a tokamak is to create and sustain a fusion reaction, in which two atoms are combined to form a single atom, releasing a large amount of energy.

A tokamak plasma is typically shaped like a torus, or doughnut, with a circular cross-section.

The magnetic field in a tokamak serves multiple purposes: it confines the plasma, heats it, and drives the plasma current.

Neutral beam injection is the most commonly used heating mechanism in tokamaks. It involves injecting a beam of high-energy neutral atoms into the plasma, which are then ionized and heated by collisions with the plasma particles.

The divertor in a tokamak serves multiple purposes: it removes impurities from the plasma, controls the plasma density, and protects the tokamak wall from heat and radiation.

Achieving a sustained fusion reaction in a tokamak is a complex challenge that requires overcoming several obstacles, including plasma confinement, plasma heating, and plasma stability.

The ITER project is a tokamak fusion reactor under construction in France, which aims to demonstrate the scientific and technological feasibility of fusion energy. It is a collaboration between scientists from around the world.

The expected timeline for the ITER project is to achieve first plasma in 2025 and demonstrate fusion power production by 2035.

Fusion energy has the potential to be an unlimited, clean, and sustainable energy source, as it uses abundant fuels (deuterium and tritium) and produces minimal waste.

Developing a commercial fusion reactor faces several challenges, including high cost of construction and operation, complex technology and engineering challenges, and environmental and safety concerns.

Fusion energy has several potential benefits, including reduced greenhouse gas emissions, abundant and secure fuel supply, and high energy density.

Plasma physics plays a crucial role in the study of tokamak plasmas, as it helps us understand the behavior of charged particles in a magnetic field, develop models for plasma confinement and heating, and design and optimize tokamak devices.

Several diagnostic techniques are used to study tokamak plasmas, including spectroscopy, interferometry, and magnetic probes.

Computational modeling plays a vital role in the study of tokamak plasmas, as it allows us to simulate plasma behavior and predict performance, design and optimize tokamak devices, and analyze experimental data.

The future of tokamak research involves continued development of ITER and other fusion projects, exploration of alternative tokamak designs, and development of smaller and more compact tokamaks.