Brahmagupta, an Indian mathematician and astronomer, is widely regarded as the father of Indian optics due to his significant contributions to the field.

Aryabhata, an eminent Indian mathematician and astronomer, proposed the theory of 'Kshaya-Vriddhi' (waning and waxing) of the moon, which explained the phases of the moon.

The Yantra Raj Yantra was an instrument designed by Indian scientists to accurately measure the angle of incidence of light.

Varahamihira, an Indian astronomer and astrologer, discovered the phenomenon of atmospheric refraction, which explains the bending of light as it passes through the Earth's atmosphere.

The Vrihat Samhita, written by Varahamihira, is an ancient Indian treatise that extensively discusses the properties of light, vision, and various optical phenomena.

Bhaskara II, an Indian mathematician and astronomer, introduced the concept of 'Bindu' (point) as the fundamental unit of space in his treatise, the Siddhanta Shiromani.

The Jantar Mantar is an astronomical observatory built by Maharaja Jai Singh II in Delhi, India. It consists of several architectural instruments used for astronomical observations.

Brahmagupta, an Indian mathematician and astronomer, proposed the concept of 'Digvijaya Yantra' (universal instrument), which was a versatile device for astronomical observations.

The Lilavati, written by Bhaskara II, is an ancient Indian treatise that extensively covers the study of light, its properties, and various optical phenomena.

Aryabhata, an Indian mathematician and astronomer, developed the concept of 'Suryasiddhanta' (solar system) and accurately calculated the Earth's circumference.

The Yantra Raj Yantra was an instrument used by Indian scientists to accurately measure the distance between celestial bodies.

Varahamihira, an Indian astronomer and astrologer, proposed the theory of 'Khagola' (astronomy) and developed several astronomical instruments for observations.

The Vrihat Samhita, written by Varahamihira, is an ancient Indian treatise that extensively discusses the principles of optics and the properties of light.

Varahamihira, an Indian astronomer and astrologer, developed the concept of 'Bhugola' (geography) and wrote extensively about the Earth's shape, size, and various geographical features.