The Mercator projection is a cylindrical projection that preserves angles and shapes, making it suitable for navigation and nautical charts.

An equal-area map projection maintains the correct proportions of areas, ensuring that the relative sizes of regions are accurately represented.

The geographic coordinate system, which uses latitude and longitude, is the standard for global positioning systems (GPS) and is used for navigation and tracking locations worldwide.

A datum serves as a reference point and establishes the origin and orientation of a coordinate system, providing a common framework for measuring and locating positions.

The Robinson projection is a compromise projection that balances the distortion of shapes, areas, and distances, making it a popular choice for world maps.

Conformal map projections maintain correct angles and shapes, while equal-area map projections accurately represent the relative sizes of areas.

The State Plane Coordinate System (SPCS) is a system of plane coordinates used for surveying and mapping within each state in the United States, providing a consistent and accurate framework for local measurements.

A scale bar on a map establishes the relationship between the distances on the map and the corresponding distances on the ground, allowing users to measure and compare distances accurately.

The Lambert conformal conic projection is often used for topographic maps because it preserves angles and shapes, making it suitable for representing terrain features accurately.

The Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) coordinate system divides the world into 60 zones, each with its own origin and coordinate grid, providing a consistent and standardized framework for global mapping and navigation.

The Albers equal-area projection is frequently used for thematic maps because it preserves areas, ensuring that the relative sizes of regions are accurately represented.

A graticule on a map consists of lines of latitude and longitude, providing information about the projection used and allowing users to determine the location of places based on their coordinates.

The azimuthal equidistant projection is often used for polar regions because it preserves distances and directions from a central point, making it suitable for navigation and exploration.

The Mercator projection distorts the shapes of landmasses near the poles, making it less suitable for representing polar regions accurately.

The State Plane Coordinate System (SPCS) is widely used for cadastral mapping and land surveying within each state in the United States, providing a precise and accurate framework for property boundaries and land records.