Federalism in India aims to create a unified nation while accommodating the diverse linguistic, cultural, and regional identities of its citizens.

Article 1 of the Indian Constitution declares India to be a Union of States, thereby establishing its federal structure.

The distribution of powers between the central government and the state governments in India is known as the federal division of powers.

The Union List in the Seventh Schedule of the Indian Constitution contains subjects that are exclusively under the jurisdiction of the central government.

The Concurrent List in the Seventh Schedule of the Indian Constitution contains subjects that are under the jurisdiction of both the central government and the state governments.

The Residual List in the Seventh Schedule of the Indian Constitution contains subjects that are not specifically assigned to either the central government or the state governments.

The process of amending the Indian Constitution is known as constitutional amendment.

Article 368 of the Indian Constitution provides for the amendment of the Constitution.

The Supreme Court of India plays a crucial role in the federal structure of the country by interpreting the Constitution, resolving disputes between the central government and the state governments, protecting the rights of citizens, and ensuring the smooth functioning of the federal system.

Federalism in India faces challenges such as linguistic and cultural diversity, regional disparities, economic disparities, and political instability.

Measures taken to strengthen federalism in India include the establishment of the Inter-State Council, the creation of the National Development Council, and the formation of the Finance Commission.

Federalism in India contributes to the unity and diversity of the country by allowing for the preservation of cultural and linguistic diversity while promoting national unity, ensuring equal representation of all states in the central government, and facilitating the sharing of resources and expertise among states.

Federalism in India's democratic system ensures the participation of all regions and communities in the decision-making process, promotes accountability and transparency in governance, and strengthens the rule of law and protects individual rights.

Federalism in India contributes to the economic development of the country by allowing states to formulate policies tailored to their specific needs and circumstances, encouraging healthy competition among states, leading to innovation and growth, and facilitating the free movement of goods and services across state boundaries.

Contemporary challenges to federalism in India include growing economic disparities between states, regional conflicts and tensions, and the centralization of power in the hands of the central government.