The primary purpose of an EIA is to systematically evaluate the potential environmental impacts of a proposed project, including its construction, operation, and decommissioning phases.

Climate change introduces new challenges and considerations for the EIA process, particularly the need to assess and mitigate greenhouse gas emissions and evaluate the project's resilience to climate-related risks.

A cost-benefit analysis is typically not included in an EIA report, as it focuses on evaluating the environmental impacts of a proposed project rather than its economic feasibility.

Stakeholders, including affected communities, environmental groups, and government agencies, play a crucial role in the EIA process by providing input, participating in decision-making, and monitoring the implementation of mitigation measures.

The Paris Agreement is an international agreement within the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) that aims to limit global warming and address climate change.

Adaptive management involves continuously monitoring and adjusting mitigation measures based on new information and changing circumstances, particularly in the context of climate change, where impacts and risks may evolve over time.

Climate risk assessment is a method used to evaluate the potential impacts of climate change on a proposed project, considering factors such as sea-level rise, extreme weather events, and changes in temperature and precipitation patterns.

Considering cumulative impacts in EIA is crucial, especially in relation to climate change, as it enables the identification of the combined effects of multiple projects on the environment, leading to a more comprehensive assessment, more effective mitigation measures, and informed decision-making.

Conducting EIAs for projects in coastal areas poses challenges related to assessing the potential impacts of sea-level rise, evaluating the vulnerability of coastal ecosystems to climate change, and considering the effects of storm surges and coastal erosion, all of which are influenced by climate change.

EIAs can contribute to promoting sustainable development in the context of climate change by identifying and mitigating potential environmental impacts, encouraging the use of renewable energy sources and energy-efficient technologies, and promoting community engagement and participation in the EIA process.

Strategic environmental assessment (SEA) plays a crucial role in addressing climate change by evaluating the environmental impacts of policies, plans, and programs, providing a framework for integrating climate change adaptation and mitigation strategies, and facilitating the development of climate-resilient infrastructure and communities.

Climate change affects the assessment of air quality impacts in EIAs by requiring the consideration of changing emission patterns and atmospheric conditions, evaluating the impacts of climate change on air quality, and demanding more detailed analysis of the health effects of air pollution.

Hydrological modeling is a common method used to assess the potential impacts of climate change on water resources, as it allows for the simulation of water flow and storage under different climate scenarios.

EIAs can contribute to reducing greenhouse gas emissions and promoting climate change mitigation by identifying opportunities for energy efficiency and renewable energy use, evaluating the climate change impacts of different project alternatives, and recommending measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

Public participation in the EIA process is crucial, especially in the context of climate change, as it ensures that the concerns and perspectives of affected communities are considered, enhances the transparency and accountability of the EIA process, and facilitates the identification of potential climate change impacts and risks.