CLT emphasizes the use of authentic materials, such as newspapers, magazines, and videos, to expose learners to real-world language and promote communicative competence.

TPR aims to develop listening comprehension by associating physical actions with spoken language, allowing learners to understand and respond to commands and instructions.

Performance-based assessments evaluate learners' ability to use language in meaningful and communicative contexts, such as giving presentations, participating in debates, or writing creative pieces.

The Natural Approach emphasizes the importance of creating opportunities for learners to engage in meaningful communication, allowing them to acquire language naturally through exposure and interaction.

The Silent Way method emphasizes learner autonomy and self-correction, encouraging learners to take responsibility for their own learning and to correct their own errors.

Scaffolding involves providing learners with temporary support and guidance to help them complete tasks that are beyond their current level of competence, allowing them to gradually develop their skills and independence.

TBLT emphasizes fluency over accuracy, encouraging learners to communicate spontaneously and fluently, even if they make occasional errors.

The Grammar-Translation Method focuses on teaching grammar rules explicitly and translating texts from one language to another, with the aim of developing reading and writing skills.

Open-ended writing tasks assess learners' ability to organize and express their thoughts in writing, as well as their ability to use language accurately and effectively.

Authentic materials provide learners with exposure to real-world language, allowing them to experience the language as it is used in natural contexts.

The Suggestopedia method emphasizes relaxation and visualization techniques to create a conducive learning environment and to facilitate language acquisition.

The Direct Method focuses on developing fluency in speaking by using the target language exclusively in the classroom and encouraging learners to communicate spontaneously.

Performance-based assessments evaluate learners' ability to use language in meaningful and communicative contexts, such as giving presentations, participating in debates, or writing creative pieces.

Error correction is used to help learners identify and correct their errors, allowing them to learn from their mistakes and improve their language skills.

The Lexical Approach emphasizes vocabulary acquisition and word combinations, focusing on teaching words in context and exploring their various meanings and uses.