The primary function of a financial system is to allocate financial resources from those who have surplus funds (savers) to those who need them (borrowers), in a manner that promotes economic growth and development.

Insurance companies are not considered a core component of the financial system, as their primary function is to provide insurance and risk management services, rather than facilitating the flow of funds.

The central bank plays a crucial role in the financial system by regulating the money supply, supervising and regulating financial institutions, and acting as a lender of last resort to ensure the stability and smooth functioning of the financial system.

A stock exchange serves as a marketplace where stocks and other securities are traded, allowing companies to raise capital, investors to buy and sell stocks, and facilitating the efficient allocation of financial resources.

Financial intermediaries, such as banks and investment firms, play a crucial role by reducing transaction costs, providing information and expertise to borrowers and lenders, and helping to diversify risk, thereby enhancing the efficiency and stability of the financial system.

Credit creation refers to the process by which banks and other financial institutions create new money by lending out a portion of the deposits they receive. This process expands the money supply and plays a key role in economic growth.

Monetary policy, conducted by central banks, aims to achieve multiple objectives, including controlling inflation, promoting economic growth, and stabilizing the financial system, by adjusting interest rates and managing the money supply.

Debt rollover refers to the process of replacing short-term debt with long-term debt, typically done to reduce interest costs and extend the maturity of the debt.

Commercial banks perform a variety of functions, including accepting deposits from the public, lending money to businesses and individuals, and providing financial advice and services, thereby facilitating the flow of funds in the economy.

Forex trading, short for foreign exchange trading, refers to the buying and selling of currencies in the foreign exchange market, which is the largest financial market in the world.

Credit unions are financial cooperatives that provide financial services to their members, including promoting thrift and savings, offering loans at competitive rates, and providing a variety of other financial products and services.

Borrowing money from a bank or other financial institution can be done through various methods, including taking out a loan, getting a credit line, or applying for a mortgage, depending on the specific needs and circumstances of the borrower.

Financial advisors provide financial advice and guidance to clients, manage their investment portfolios, and help them plan for retirement, among other services, to help clients achieve their financial goals.

Diversification is a strategy used in investing to reduce risk by investing money in a variety of assets, such as stocks, bonds, and real estate, with the aim of reducing the impact of losses in any one asset class on the overall investment portfolio.

Hedge funds are actively managed investment funds that use sophisticated investment strategies, often taking on more risk than traditional investment funds, with the goal of generating high returns for investors.