Upwelling is a process that occurs when wind blows parallel to a coastline. This wind causes the surface water to move away from the coast, which allows cold, nutrient-rich water from the deep ocean to rise to the surface.

Phytoplankton are microscopic plants that are the base of the marine food web. They use the nutrients in the upwelled water to grow and reproduce. This growth supports the entire marine food web, from zooplankton to fish to marine mammals.

Upwelling is caused by a combination of wind, Earth's rotation, and ocean currents. Wind is the primary driver of upwelling, but Earth's rotation and ocean currents also play a role.

Upwelling typically occurs along coastlines where the wind blows parallel to the shore. This wind causes the surface water to move away from the coast, which allows cold, nutrient-rich water from the deep ocean to rise to the surface.

Upwelling has a number of positive environmental impacts, including increased primary productivity, increased fish populations, and increased seabird populations. These impacts are all due to the increased availability of nutrients in the upwelled water.

Upwelling has a number of positive and negative human impacts. Positive impacts include increased fishing and tourism. Negative impacts include increased pollution and habitat destruction.

We can manage upwelling to minimize negative impacts and maximize positive impacts by reducing pollution, protecting marine habitats, and managing fisheries sustainably.

There are a number of challenges to managing upwelling, including the complexity of marine ecosystems, the difficulty of enforcing regulations, and the lack of public awareness.

There are a number of things you can do to help manage upwelling, including reducing your consumption of seafood, supporting sustainable fishing practices, and reducing your carbon footprint.

The future of upwelling is unclear. Some scientists believe that it will continue to be a major driver of marine ecosystems, while others believe that it will be negatively impacted by climate change. More research is needed to determine the future of upwelling.