Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar made significant contributions to the understanding of stellar evolution and the structure of stars. His work on the Chandrasekhar limit, which determines the maximum mass of a white dwarf star, earned him the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1983.

Homi J. Bhabha conducted extensive research on cosmic rays and made important discoveries related to their interactions with matter. He also established the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR) in Mumbai, which became a leading center for astrophysics research in India.

Meghnad Saha's contributions to astrophysics include the Saha ionization equation, which describes the ionization state of atoms in stellar atmospheres. This equation plays a crucial role in understanding the spectra of stars and the composition of stellar atmospheres.

R. K. Varma made significant contributions to the study of black holes and gravitational waves. He conducted pioneering research on the properties of black holes and the detection of gravitational waves, which were eventually confirmed by the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO).

Jayant Narlikar is known for his research on the structure and evolution of galaxies. He proposed the Hoyle-Narlikar theory of gravity, which challenges the traditional view of gravity and suggests a modification to Einstein's theory of general relativity.

Govind Swarup played a pivotal role in establishing the first radio astronomy observatory in India, known as the Ooty Radio Telescope. This observatory enabled Indian astronomers to conduct groundbreaking research in radio astronomy and contributed to the understanding of cosmic radio sources.

U. R. Rao made significant contributions to the field of X-ray astronomy. He was involved in the development of X-ray telescopes and satellites, which enabled the study of X-ray sources in the universe. His work helped advance our understanding of high-energy astrophysical phenomena.

V. Radhakrishnan conducted extensive research on the cosmic microwave background radiation (CMB), which is the remnant radiation from the Big Bang. His work contributed to the understanding of the early universe and the evolution of cosmic structures.

V. Radhakrishnan made significant contributions to the study of pulsars and neutron stars. He conducted pioneering research on the properties and emission mechanisms of these objects, which provided valuable insights into the nature of compact objects in the universe.

Vikram Sarabhai played a crucial role in establishing the Indian Institute of Astrophysics (IIA) in Bengaluru. This institute became a leading center for astrophysics research in India and contributed to the advancement of the field in the country.

R. K. Varma conducted extensive research on the formation and evolution of planetary systems. He studied the dynamics of planet formation, the properties of protoplanetary disks, and the interactions between planets and their host stars.

U. R. Rao made significant contributions to the study of the Sun and its activity. He established the Solar Physics Division at the Physical Research Laboratory (PRL) in Ahmedabad and conducted research on solar flares, sunspots, and the solar corona.

Jayant Narlikar conducted extensive research on the evolution of galaxies and the large-scale structure of the universe. He proposed the Hoyle-Narlikar theory of gravity, which challenges the traditional view of gravity and suggests a modification to Einstein's theory of general relativity.

C. V. Raman established the Raman Research Institute (RRI) in Bengaluru. This institute became a leading center for research in physics, including astrophysics, and contributed to the advancement of the field in India.

Jayant Narlikar conducted extensive research on the dynamics of galaxies and the formation of cosmic structures. He proposed the Hoyle-Narlikar theory of gravity, which challenges the traditional view of gravity and suggests a modification to Einstein's theory of general relativity.