Cultural capital refers to the cultural knowledge, skills, and resources that individuals possess and that can be used to gain social and economic advantage.

Cultural reproduction refers to the process by which cultural practices and beliefs are transmitted from one generation to the next, ensuring the continuity of a particular culture.

Hip-hop culture is an example of a subculture, which is a group of people who share a distinct set of cultural practices and beliefs that differentiate them from the dominant culture.

Cultural assimilation refers to the process by which individuals adopt the cultural practices and beliefs of the dominant culture, often at the expense of their own cultural identity.

Urban life is characterized by high population density, social diversity, and rapid social change.

Cultural convergence refers to the process by which cities become more similar to each other in terms of their cultural practices and beliefs, often due to the influence of global media and communication technologies.

Urban areas today face a number of challenges, including poverty and inequality, environmental degradation, and social segregation.

Cultural agency refers to the process by which individuals create and maintain their own unique identities in the face of social and cultural pressures.

Symbolic interactionism, ethnography, and grounded theory are all key concepts in the study of urban subcultures.

Cultural diffusion refers to the process by which cultural practices and beliefs are spread from one culture to another, often through contact and interaction between different groups of people.

Postmodern culture is characterized by fragmentation and diversity, an emphasis on individuality, and a rejection of grand narratives.

Cultural contestation, cultural conflict, and cultural struggle are all terms used to describe the process by which individuals and groups negotiate and contest the meanings of cultural symbols and practices.

Hybridity, diaspora, and transnationalism are all key concepts in the study of cultural identity.

Cultural adaptation, cultural transformation, and cultural change are all terms used to describe the process by which cultural practices and beliefs are adapted to new contexts and circumstances.

Cultural sociologists today face a number of challenges, including the rise of digital media and technology, the increasing globalization of culture, and the growing diversity of urban populations.