Punishment is not typically a central theme in religious soteriology, which focuses on the means by which individuals can achieve salvation or liberation from suffering.

In Christianity, salvation is primarily achieved through faith in Jesus Christ as the Son of God and the Savior of humanity.

In Buddhism, the ultimate goal of religious practice is to achieve Nirvana, which is a state of liberation from suffering and the cycle of rebirth.

In Hinduism, the primary means of achieving moksha is Jnana, which is the knowledge of the true nature of reality and the self.

Karma is not a concept typically associated with Islamic soteriology, which focuses on the belief in one God, the prophethood of Muhammad, and the Day of Judgment.

In Judaism, the primary focus of religious practice is the observance of the Torah, which is the sacred text containing the laws and commandments given by God to Moses.

Reincarnation is not a common theme in religious soteriology, which typically focuses on the means by which individuals can achieve salvation or liberation from suffering in this life.

In Christianity, the Holy Spirit is believed to play a multifaceted role in salvation, including convicting individuals of sin, guiding believers in their faith, and empowering them for ministry.

In Buddhism, meditation is seen as a crucial practice for achieving Nirvana, as it helps calm the mind, reduce suffering, allow individuals to access higher states of consciousness, and ultimately lead to the realization of the true nature of reality.

In Hinduism, karma is believed to play a significant role in achieving moksha, as it determines the individual's destiny in this life, influences their rebirth in the next life, and creates a cycle of cause and effect that binds them to the material world.

Karma is not a concept typically associated with Islamic soteriology, which focuses on the belief in one God, the prophethood of Muhammad, and the Day of Judgment.

In Judaism, the Torah is seen as a central text that provides guidance for ethical conduct, reveals the true nature of God, and contains the promises and covenants between God and the Jewish people, all of which contribute to the pursuit of salvation.

Reincarnation is not a concept typically associated with Christian soteriology, which focuses on the belief in salvation through faith in Jesus Christ.

In Buddhism, the Four Noble Truths provide insight into the nature of suffering, offer a path to liberation from suffering, and reveal the true nature of reality, all of which contribute to the pursuit of Nirvana.

In Hinduism, the Bhagavad Gita is seen as a sacred text that provides guidance for ethical conduct, reveals the true nature of God, and contains the teachings of Lord Krishna on the path to liberation, all of which contribute to the pursuit of moksha.